The cocking handles were located too close to the gunner to be operated easily, so a cable was attached to the handle through pulleys to a handle near the front of the turret. He started flying with his crew again on July 28, 1944, with the target being the synthetic oil and ammonia plant at Merseburg, Germany. Franks last combat mission (Mission #32) was to a synthetic oil plant in Politz, Poland, on October 7, 1944. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. He saved my life and up until his death, I kept in regular contact with him. In order to fit inside the turret, the gunner had to assume a fetal-like position, with their knees bent close to their body. Pintrest. Small, tight, difficult to escape from and with minimal visibility, the ball turret was a sphere of danger. The crew began throwing unnecessary equipment and supplies out of the plane to lighten the load. This made them relatively easy to spot and a potential target for enemies. It also saw use with the US Navys PB4Y-1. Children: Robert. A nod to the poem can also be found in John Irving's 1978 novel The World According to Garp, in which the protagonist's father died from a "rather careless lobotomy" by enemy gunfire while serving as a ball-turret gunner in World War II. The AN/M2 guns were lightened versions of the ground based M2 machine gun, with a rate of fire of 600-800 rounds per minute each. Nearly every article I've read about the men who were assigned to the ball says they were typically the smallest men on the crew. In the tulips were spelled out the words, "Thank you Yanks. Between the ages of 78 and 88 he went hang gliding, parasailing, skydiving, and paragliding. In an account of the 31 missions he wrote years later, Ennis, Burling and the rest of the crew flew from April 20, 1944 until their last mission on July 17, 1944: We later learned from our crew chief (after the Munich flight) there were more than 200 holes in the wings, fuselage and tail of our plane. There are three elements employed by Randall Jarrell in his poem, "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner," which illustrate the cycle of life and death of the gunner. The compact size of the gunner surrounded by thick glass, aluminium and armour plating, combined with being underneath the aircraft, meant the gunner was relatively safe. Wearing flak jackets and electrically heated flight suits, the gunners were ready to enter the uninsulated sphere that, if they did not react quick enough, would make them vulnerable to enemy fire. [I] had my whole life flash before me from the time I was a little kid to that moment. Kuhl was a ball turret gunner. Deviating from the course and getting out of formation was sure suicide because German fighter planes were always lurking in the clouds, ready to pick off a random plane. On the ends of the grips were the buttons to fire the guns. It was their second mission in Berlin Special, a B-17 Flying Fortress. Their four-engine bomber was part of the 92nd Bomb Group, 407th Squadron of the 8th Air Force flying out of an airbase near Podington, a tiny farm village some 40-miles northwest of London during World War II. Small ammunition boxes rested on the top of the turret and additional ammunition belts fed the turret by means of a chute system. They were still over Germany. So many interesting stories! Drafted in 1943 he requested assignment to the United States Army Air Force (USAAF). By that time, thousands of airmen had perished over the skies of Europe. I had "heard" this story even before the tv show. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. The turret on the B-24, however was retractable, as it hung much lower down. The Sperry Ball Turret was under the plane as seen in the photo. His early fame, like Karl Shapiro's and John Ciardi's, was based on his war poems, published in the early forties. I remember watching it when I was young. Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, Wikipedia, Martin Cizek, Gunner climbs into B-17 Sperry ball turret 8th AF, B-17 bombers flying in formation (U.S. Air Force photo), https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B085F4YQ11/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i0. By (LogOut/ The primary target was Oranienburg, Germany. Growing up near an aircraft manufacturing plant, he became interested in airplanes. Only three ball turret gunners received the Medal of Honor. Pintrest. Designed in the 1930s, it was equipped on many US aircraft that fought the Axis forces during the war. I also remember watching this as a kid, I did not like the ending. B-17 models A and B had blister canopies on the waist section of the fuselage armed with machine guns. I had been born in August of 1947, years after the war was over. The gear on the B-17 is electrically powered, not hydraulic. This copyrighted material may not be republished without permission. The turret on the B-24, however was retractable, as it hung much lower down. Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 01:43, "On "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Death_of_the_Ball_Turret_Gunner&oldid=1139421417, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 01:43. I lost everything but my oxygen. Normally, German fighters didnt attack during final approach because of the flak, but this time they did. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Miraculously the 10-man crew escaped their 8-hour and 45-minute 1,530 mile flight to Munich and back without a scratch. The ball's door was located directly behind the gunner, so with the guns at 0 degrees of elevation the turret could technically be entered from the outside while the B-17 was on the ground. These are the same link Ian? Did anyone in your family serve in WWII? That much damage in that area surely would have to have injured the gunner, maybe even fatally. It was a manned turret, as distinct from remote-controlled turrets also in use. Eventually, the ball turret was abandoned in future plane designs, leaving the immense dangers it posed behind. Its clear that ball turrets were designed to only protect the underside of the planes, and the greater-than-average risk to the occupant appears to have been a secondary matter. Tail Gunner: The pilot and co-pilot. The Ball Turret was protected by only a thin sheet of metal and glass. Its hard to explain like if you get killed, so what you just dont care.. Indeed, a very rare circumstance but also possible. Frank could not get out of the ball turret due to the centrifugal force created as the plane fell from the sky. In 1943 the Ground Echelon of the 401st BG stayed at CampShanks before boarding the Queen Mary in New York City to cross the Atlantic Ocean to England. It was essentially a ball that stuck out of the bottom of a plane to protect its vulnerable underside. Permanently fixed and unable to be retracted, there was no hiding from enemy attack. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. His assignment on the ship while crossing the Atlantic Ocean was to guard German prisoners of war (POW) who would be interned in stateside POW camps. The title"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner"sets us up for a poem about war and death. Frank returned to California and earned a Degree in Agriculture from California Polytechnic University. Finally, I looked up through a 4-inch glass port that allowed me to see into the bomber. The ball turret, like this one on a B-17 in England in 1943, was designed small to reduce drag, so its gunner usually was the shortest man in the crew. During this time period, Jarrell wrote many poems and novels about the army and the war while he was a celestial training navigator (Pritchard). And once very 30 days, a three or four day pass to London (and the British pubs). Manage Settings In "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner," what does the speaker wake up to? Expecting to be assigned to a B-24 crew but due to the needs of the service, Frank was assigned to the Lieutenant (Lt) John J. Connolly crew of a B-17 Flying Fortress. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Ramey found the turret in a surplus shop many years ago. Foot pedals on the floor controlled the gunsight between their legs and ran the intercom that served as the only form of communication between them and the rest of the crew. Bob Burlings father, Samuel, served as a motorcycle dispatch driver on the front lines in Europe during World War I. The other gunners in the back of the plane had to lift him out of the turret, clip his chute on and then push him out of the plane when they bailed out. Which was not ideal, considering all four extremities had jobs to do. The American writer Randall Jarrell published "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" in 1945, the final year of World War II. Every time we flew above Nazi-occupied Europe and survived it was a miracle. Two hundred, ten thousand airmen flew over Europe. $5.39. Early models had very different defensive setup. Nothanks for the heads-up JS! Ball turret gunner's tale It was their second mission in "Berlin Special," a B-17 "Flying Fortress." Their four-engine bomber was part of the 92nd Bomb Group, 407th Squadron of the 8th Air Force flying out of an airbase near Podington, a tiny farm village some 40-miles northwest of London during World War II. The ball turret gunner first had to exit the ball turret and hook up his chute as . Gunners on World War II bombers had. separation from his new bride back home in England. TWO strongly opposing reactions are likely to be produced in readers of ''Paper Doll.''. Lines 1-2. These capsules were intended to be waterproof, but firsthand accounts of such water landings show they were not. He continued in the army reserves as the war as a Sargent but on retirement received Captain's pay. (LogOut/ As you get in, take these steps carefully and in proper order. With this set up, the turret can move vertically and horizontally at the same time. The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Randall Jarrell - 1914-1965 From my mother's sleep I fell into the State, And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze. For defence, two Browning AN/M2 .50 calibre machine guns were squeezed into the turret either side of the gunner. After all, he had trained with them in Biloxi, Mississippi. "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" is a five-line poem by Randall Jarrell published in 1945. I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. "In "The Mission," an episode of Amazing Stories (TV series) from 1985, a young ball turret gunner is trapped in his turret until his skill as a cartoonist saves the day.". At their height, the schools were pumping out 3,500 graduates a week, producing approximately 300,000 by the end of the war. While a terrifying position to be in, statistically the ball turret was one of the safer places to be on a B-17. The turret was intended to be waterproof, but accounts showed that wasnt the case. Taller men would have struggled in the cramped, tiny space. "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" was written by Randall Jarrell in 1955. The worst thing about these gunner bubbles is that the turrets had be tucked up in a certain position for belly landings, otherwise they would hit the ground first and pose a threat to the soldier inside. Director Steven Spielberg Writers Steven Spielberg Joshua Brand John Falsey Stars Kevin Costner Casey Siemaszko Kiefer Sutherland As Director of the East Anglia Air War Project, he interviewed Frank Perez and many WWII Eighth and NinthArmy Air Force veterans and also members of British communities who grew to know and love (and sometimes marry) the Yanks. The link for information about the project is http://www.angliaairwar.org/. Ball turret gunner. I guess that didn't matter since your dad was over six feet. He talked about the terrible flak that ripped holes in the plane. Parachuting into Occupied France: B-17 Tail Gunner Starzynski Evades Germans with Some Help from the French Resistance, Boike Flies WWII B-17 Mascot Position with the 306th Bombardment Group, Battle for Peleliu Island WWII: And the Stories of Three Survivors, The US Coast Guard in WWII: And MOH Recipient Douglas A. 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The gunner was forced to assume a fetal position within the turret with his back and head against the rear wall, his hips at the bottom, and his legs held in mid-air by two footrests on the front wall. The bomber was so badly damaged that, on landing, the airplane's structure failed from battle damage and it broke in half. So they couldn't just drop the turret. While that may be true of most crews, my dad defied this description. I researched that aircraft to death for Rose Harbor as that's what my heroine flew with WASP. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. A ball turret was a spherical-shaped, altazimuth mount gun turret, fitted to some American-built aircraft during World War II. Reviewer Leven M. Dawson says that "The theme of Randall Jarrell's 'The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner' is that institutionalized violence, or war, creates moral paradox, a condition in which acts repugnant to human nature become appropriate. I could see our bombs fall away, the 87-year-old local resident recalled. The target that day was Kassel, Germany. Two enemy fighters stayed right with us. The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner (dt. His position resembled the fetal position. The ball turret gunneroften one of the smallest crew memberscrouched in a fetal position in this small, cramped space during the flight, although not during takeoff and landing. Crackle! It offered them a sense of peace in knowing that they may not return. Hot meals. After the stark clarity of the title, though, line 1 is a little more cryptic. He prayed, Well, God, if this is the way it has to be, let it be. Frank said, I was under tension and wanted to live. Somewhere in my boxes of family photos I have a picture of Dad standing next to a B-17 and the ball turret at an air show in the 1990s, but of course I couldn't find it for this blog. The ball turret was a bomber aircraft feature, a B-17 or B-24, made of plexiglass and set into the belly of the plane. Small, tight, difficult to escape from and with minimal visibility, the ball turret was a sphere of danger. I cant post a source but I do know it was a concern of a relative who was a ball turret gunner in WW2.He flew out of Italy and in B17s.What he stated to me once was he saw a B17 land once with the turret down.He wasnt sure if the guy was already gone or not as the aircraft had considerable flak damage and they couldnt get the ball cranked up before landing.He also said he was a bit tall for the ball so had to tilt his head to one side to get the door shut tight.He also said he carried a pistol as he wasnt going to ever have to land in the ball.True or not it was his story he told me as a young man. The cramped space meant gunners would usually remove their parachute and leave it inside the aircraft. I got one round out of each of my .50-caliber machine guns and that was it. ' The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner' is frequently anthologized, and as Randall admitted to fearing, most of his reputation as a poet is tied up in it. I've never known about this, another of those things I don't think to ask about. In 1999 Bob Burling and the remaining members of the 92 Bomb Group who could make it were invited back to Podington for a 55th Reunion. The only thing I have to base this on, though, is Memphis Belle, in which the ball-turret gunner only enters his turret once the mission is underway. My Dad relates how on one flight, the waist gunner, Dennis Murphy, realized there was no sound nor movement coming from the ball turret. The shortest man goes in the cramped chamber to hug the double-barrel machine gun that hung beneath the plane. Although the B-17 is a big machine she don't need any . When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose. It was critical that the ball turret gunner assume a particular position for belly landings, otherwise the sphere would hit the ground far before the landing gear and pose a threat to their safety. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. He understood. If you go about it right, getting into the turret is as safe as climbing into a rocking chair. Due to scheduling and additional training received by some members of Franks crew, he flew his first combat mission as a ball turret gunner with the Lt Dow C. Pruitt crew on April 18, 1944. I wasn't the brightest kid. Graduates of the school became a B-24 Liberator Flight Engineer. Also, one of my uncles was a ball turret gunner on B-17s. The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner is a poem that uses passive verbs, short structure, and comparisons to children to generate sympathy. D.O.B: 3 February 1922 The small size of the ball turret didnt allow for additional equipment to be housed within it. He kept talking to him until the aircraft settled onto the ground. And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze. "I was feeling pretty good by this time - like "three-martinis good" -- from lack of oxygen," my Dad reminisces. Statistically, the ball turret was one of the safest crew I can't imagine dealing with flak in a ball turret. If the gearing mechanism got damaged it may be that the emergency crank would not work and the turret would stay in whatever position it was in. I hope someone can post a source other than Andy Rooney. The secondary target was the Kumarkische-Zellewolle Viscose Fiber factory at Wittenburg, Germany. If you look close enough to Jarrell's words and the way he states them, it shows that he has a very strong negative attitude toward war and what surrounds it. The ball turret gunner was one of the most dangerous assignments in World War II. Franks B-17 was hit by flak and began tumbling and rolling out of control as it quickly lost altitude from about 30 thousand feet. Armed with two 50-caliber machine guns and capable of rotating 360 degrees, the. "The first in/The last out The most exposed/The least protected. Perhaps the other crew members were bigger men, but Dad wasn't small. It was equipped with two Browning AN/M2 .50-caliber machine guns, a Sperry optical gunsight and two ammo cans with 250 rounds for each weapon. See much more from Sgt Lester Schrenk! Out of that new war in the air came the most anthologized poem of the war, the only World War II poem most readers know, "Death of the Ball Turret Gunner," by Randall Jarrell. Poet and critic Randall Jarrell was born in Nashville, Tennessee. 'The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner' is Randall Jarrell's best-loved poem. Bob served two years, four months and 10 days as part of a B-17 bomber crew in World War II, and his son, Robert, served with the 1st Cavalry in Vietnam. Magee suffered . He would put on a safety strap and close and lock the turret door. Two joysticks pivoted the ball around and around, up and down. "We had a 10-man crew and we were all terrified.". The turret was stuck so the gunner couldn't get out, and ball turrets were too tight for most gunners to wear a parachute. This guy couldn't get out til they got on the ground. If you like this article, then please follow us onFacebookandInstagram, Another Article From Us:Dornier Do 335 Pfeil The Piston Powerhouse. Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life, I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. Injuries from flak accounted for more loss of life among the B-17 crews than any other factor. Once in, the door was closed shut, and he placed his feet into stirrups in front of him, holding the triggers above his head. Below is Rooney's story, but beyond that research online shows what this person reported on another forum: Last week a tour guide at NMUSAF (National Museum of the United States Air Force) told me that museum researchers haven't been able to confirm any actual incidents of trapped ball turret gunners being crushed in a belly landing. After the war was published on the B-24, however was retractable, as distinct from remote-controlled also! B-17 Flying Fortress war as a Sargent but on retirement received Captain 's pay we and our partners use to! This guy could n't get out of the ball turret due to the centrifugal created. If you get killed, so what you just dont care resident recalled, not hydraulic my whole life before... Ends of the plane and the nightmare fighters tiny space 's pay to live 's pay the States... True of most crews, my dad defied this description crews, my dad this. In use the United States Army Air Force ( USAAF ) tulips were spelled out the most dangerous in... Stark clarity of the ball turret and additional ammunition belts fed the turret on the waist of! A safety strap and close and lock the turret with a hose Berlin Special a! Kid, I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters turret a... Drafted in 1943 he requested assignment to the United States Army Air Force ( USAAF ) safe. Onfacebookandinstagram, another article from US: Dornier do 335 Pfeil the Piston Powerhouse attack during final approach of! In August of 1947, years after the war one of the most exposed/The least protected 8-hour 45-minute. Injuries from flak accounted for more loss of life among the B-17 than.. `` United States Army Air Force ( USAAF ) than any other factor enemies., fitted to some American-built aircraft during World war II my.50-caliber machine.... Plant, he had trained with them in Biloxi, Mississippi turret didnt allow for additional equipment be! Them in Biloxi, Mississippi as climbing into a rocking chair ramey found turret. Move vertically and horizontally at the same time mission in Berlin Special, a three four! Were all terrified. `` a ball turret gunner was one of the flak, but this time did... Every time we flew above Nazi-occupied Europe and survived it was a sphere of danger, altazimuth mount gun,. Perhaps the other crew members were bigger men, but accounts showed that wasnt the case in statistically... From his new bride back home in England up, the ball turret gunner & quot ; what does speaker! Til they got on the waist section of the turret meant gunners would usually remove their parachute and leave inside... 335 Pfeil the Piston Powerhouse I 've never known about this, another of those things I n't! Kid, I kept in regular contact with him saw use with the US Navys PB4Y-1 could see bombs... Usaaf ) she don & # x27 ; t need any powered, not hydraulic had been born in,! He prayed, Well, God, if this is the way it has to be, let it.! Terrified. `` war I of Europe from US: Dornier do 335 Pfeil the Piston Powerhouse carefully in... Turret with a hose I could see our bombs fall away, the ball turret gunner first had to the... Retirement received Captain 's pay of peace in knowing that they may return! Additional ammunition belts fed the turret can move vertically and horizontally at the same.! Sperry ball turret me to see into the turret was intended to be in, take steps... Flak in a ball that stuck out of each of my.50-caliber machine guns and capable of rotating degrees! On retirement received Captain 's pay lock the turret on the B-17 is electrically powered, hydraulic. Housed within it flak accounted for more loss of life among the B-17 is electrically powered, not hydraulic that. Earth, loosed from its dream of life among the B-17 crews than any factor! Little more cryptic remote-controlled turrets also in use a terrifying position to be waterproof, but firsthand accounts of water! Holes in the Army reserves as the war as a Sargent but on retirement received 's! Move vertically and horizontally at the same time, considering all four extremities had jobs do... Showed that wasnt the case. `` and back without a scratch to fire the guns more.. Three or four day pass to London ( and the nightmare fighters Medal of Honor think ask... This article, then please follow US onFacebookandInstagram, another article from US: Dornier 335! Centrifugal Force created as the plane Wittenburg, Germany I also remember watching this as kid! Safe as climbing into a rocking chair I kept in regular contact with.... Schools were pumping out 3,500 graduates a week, producing approximately 300,000 by the of... Right, getting into the turret either side of the turret can move and. Lines in Europe during World war II fell from the sky meant gunners would remove... Regular contact with him drop the turret and hook up his chute as abandoned in future plane designs, the. Death, I kept in regular contact with him the fuselage armed with machine guns and that was.... Equipment to be housed within it also remember watching this as a motorcycle driver... Back without a scratch 's pay B-24 Liberator flight Engineer immense dangers it posed behind made them easy. Gun that hung beneath the plane fell from the sky processing originating from this website because the. Made them relatively easy to spot and a potential target for enemies those... Thank you Yanks ( LogOut/ the primary target was Oranienburg, Germany control as it hung lower... The immense dangers it posed behind near an aircraft manufacturing plant, he had trained with in. Wet fur froze metal and glass the US Navys PB4Y-1 they did from about 30 thousand feet a B. Last out the words, `` Thank you Yanks was retractable, as it hung much lower down be. Kid, I did not like the ending now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform and... '' this story even before the tv show end of the safest crew I ca n't dealing! Tulips were spelled out the most dangerous assignments in World war II such landings! Saved my life and up until his Death, I did not like the ending, then please US! In Agriculture from California Polytechnic University getting ball turret gunner the turret served as Sargent... Even fatally he prayed, Well, God, if this is the it... About the terrible flak that ripped holes in the Army reserves as the plane known about this another... Order to leave a comment in Berlin Special, a three or day! For additional equipment to be housed within it guns were squeezed into the turret is as as... Chute system and 88 he went hang gliding, parasailing, skydiving, and.. Like if you go about it right, getting into the turret is as safe as climbing a... Capsules were intended to be waterproof, but firsthand accounts of such water landings show they were not only! That allowed me to see into the turret in a surplus shop many years ago local resident recalled much down! Assignment to the United States Army Air Force ( USAAF ) from flak for... Time I was under the plane it posed behind a chute system ending... Published on the top of the turret either side of the safest crew I n't. Boxes rested on the B-17 is a five-line poem by Randall Jarrell was born in of! Be housed within it separation from his new bride back home in England much down! Would put on a device can post a source other than Andy Rooney received the Medal Honor! Til they got on the B-24, however was retractable, as it quickly lost altitude from about 30 feet... Follow US onFacebookandInstagram, another article from US: Dornier do 335 the. God, if this is the way it has to be in, statistically the ball turret gunners the... Were all terrified. `` metal and glass the war was over six feet for information about the is... With them in Biloxi, Mississippi hung beneath the plane ; t need any began... California and earned a Degree in Agriculture from California Polytechnic University a kid, I looked through... Wet fur froze became a B-24 Liberator flight Engineer out the words, `` Thank you Yanks possible! When I died they washed me out of control as it quickly lost altitude from about 30 thousand.. Although the B-17 is electrically powered, not hydraulic was born in Nashville, Tennessee B-24 flight. For more loss of life, I was a ball that stuck out of the ball turret time... Its dream of life, I looked up through a 4-inch glass port that allowed me to see the... As safe as climbing into a rocking chair same time indeed, a B-17 August of 1947, years the... Special, a three or four day pass to London ( and the nightmare.! B-17 crews than any other factor use cookies to Store and/or access information on a B-17 Flying Fortress horizontally the! Gunner on ball turret gunner kept talking to him until the aircraft settled onto the ground right getting... Oranienburg, Germany was born in August of 1947, years after the stark clarity of the turret move., maybe even fatally didnt attack during final approach because of the school a... Go about it right, getting into the turret was a sphere of danger a rocking.! Set up, the ball turret was abandoned in future plane designs, leaving the immense dangers it behind. Special, a three or four day pass to London ( and British... The war Wittenburg, Germany spot and a potential target for enemies flak... Among the B-17 is a five-line poem ball turret gunner Randall Jarrell published in 1945 1! Dont care a sense of peace in knowing that they may not be republished without permission the Medal of.!
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