ascend h10 trolling motor

You can find rod holders compatible with the deck of the Ascend FS10 through component producers like Railblaza. A forward rod holder can be installed on one of the two accessory tracks on each side of the kayak. Let's spread the word! Planned on wearing a life vest. Privacy Policy. There are, however, no bulkheads built in to isolate sections of the kayak. Your session is about to timeout due to inactivity. The D-rings provide good anchor points to run the length of cord you choose. Where can you find the Ascend 10t available for purchase? Think of a tunnel hull as a pontoon boat or catamaran. That being said, the 10t does have a higher price tag than some other fishing kayaks available at large retailers. A square one at center would be a good spot to prep tackle or put down your river lunch. CL. Please provide this ID when contacting support via phone, email or chat. Has rod holders, measure stick for . This trolling motor is designed for most Intex boat models, including Excursion 3,4, 5, Challenger 3, Mariner 3, 4, as well as the Seahawk 2, 3, and 4. United States. The area is tidal so I might have to push against the current. Ascend FS10 Specs Length: 10' / 3.05 m Width: 30" / 86.4 cm Weight: 57 lbs / 25 kg Capacity: 325 lbs / 147 kg MSRP: $599 USD Performance When it comes to the performance of the Ascend FS10, users regularly compliment the kayak's stability. A work-around would be to take a stadium or camping seat with similar dimensions and place it in the FS10, resting on top of a foam pad to provide a similar seat height. The FS10t also has accessory tracks on each side of the cockpit, and a small storage tray at the front of the cockpit, which can be helpful when sorting out your lures or rigging up a line. A rusted out elevated seat would render the kayak relatively useless until you have a replacement seat. One area of concern cited by users of the Ascend 10t is the seats vulnerability to rusting. $2649.99 - $2699.99. The dual, rounded surface areas provide reliable initial and secondary stability. The Ascend FS10 kayak has a large tankwell between the seat and stern. *Price Promotions - Due to manufacturer restrictions, select new release and other specified products are excluded from price promotions. Before you go installing new rails on the Ascend 10t and making a lifeguard stand out of your kayak though, spend some time in the 10t as is and consider if a seat raise is actually needed. Standard delivery for curbside delivery is 7-10 business days; however, if the item is dropshipped from the manufacturer, please refer to the delivery time listed in the dropship notice. . We apologize for any inconvenience. Purchase must be charged to your CLUB card issued by Capital One, N.A. Shop products from small business brands sold in Amazons store. "Attributes" : { Many fishing kayaks commonly include bungee cords pre-installed on a deck rigging system. 2 Person Basshunter Boat with Trolling Motor and Other Gear Colby, Kansas 2 days, 3 hours ago N. nwfire1 . The Ascend 10t features this open standing area. JavaScript is disabled. Let me clarify, its a 30lb thrust motor, the motor itself only weighs 15ish lbs probablh. Ascend kayaks are a brand under the banner of the White River Marine Group. Raptor Shallow Water Anchors. With the ASCEND-exclusive rotomolded performance hull design and extra-large cockpit, the FS10 sit-in kayak delivers a unique mix of extreme maneuverability, functionality and comfort for paddlers of all skill levels. Length: 10'. "NOTE: If you attach a motor (permanently or not) to a vessel registered as "hand-powered," you must change the Type of Propulsion on your registration. If your application was successful, you should receive your CLUB Card in the mail within 7-10 days. Join DICKS Text Alerts to Receive Special Offers! Join DICKS Text Alerts to Receive Special Offers! It does not feature the gadgetry of the 10t geared toward anglers. } Especially the weight. Would be great sneak boat, have mounted a trolling motor to it. You do need to reach the back of the foot braces to adjust them, so best to have them in a comfortable setting before leaving shore. In addition, were also here for your repower needs. It seems like it has pretty good reviews and seems like the only negative comments about it is that the hull might be a little thin. E-Drive Motors. The tankwells of the 10t have plenty of space for storing tackle and drybags for a day on the water. This makes the Vapor 10 Angler easier to climb in and out of, but also may allow more room for water to enter. shoppingListJS3074457345618028619 = new ShoppingListJS({storeId: '715838534',catalogId: '3074457345616676768',langId: '-1'}, {id: '3074457345618028619', name: 'Ascend H10 Sit-In Hybrid Kayak', image: 'https://assets.basspro.com/image/list/fn_select:jq:first(.%5B%5D%7Cselect(.public_id%20%7C%20endswith(%22main%22)))/2459602.json', type: 'ProductBean', components: {}, skus: [{id: '3074457345618029132', attributes: {'Size': '10\'L x 31\\"W','Color': 'Desert Storm'}},{id: '3074457345618029133', attributes: {'Size': '10\'L x 31\\"W','Color': 'Titanium'}}]}, {}, "shoppingListJS3074457345618028619"); {address.city}, {address.stateOrProvinceName}, {address.postalCode}, You can unsubscribe at any time. Thanks! "ItemImage" : "https://assets.basspro.com/image/list/fn_select:jq:first(.%5B%5D%7Cselect(.public_id%20%7C%20endswith(%22main%22)))/2459602.json", The FS10 also features a different style of hull: a V-shape, rather than the tunnel of the 10t. You can count on your Ascend kayak's performance. Items shipping via truck are curbside delivery, which means there will be a prearranged delivery attempt to your house. You can choose from transom mounted electric trolling motors, bow mounted motors, and other motor designs with a wide range of shaft lengths and thrust ratings available. The advanced Hybrid Tunnel-style hull improves secondary stability and creates a standing and fishing platform that allows the angler unprecedented standing capability throughout the entire cockpit opening. The unique stepped bow/stern keel design integrated into the tunnel will punch through surf or slide smoothly into the backwaters, all while delivering great maneuvering in tighter waters. I am not trying to break the bank on a kayak because it will be only used for certain situations. It should work. For one, the FS10 does not have a forward rod holder. Here are a few regularly compared with the 10t. Alabama Mountain Lakes Tourist Association, The Great Canadian Kayak Challenge & Festival, Recreational Kayak Review: Pelican Trailblazer 100 NXT, Recreational Kayak Review: Sun Dolphin Aruba 10, Fishing Kayak Review: Pelican Mustang 100x, Inflatable Kayak Review: Advanced Elements AdvancedFrame Convertible Elite, Fishing Kayak Review: Old Town Sportsman 106 Minn Kota, Recreational Kayak Review: Pelican Bandit NXT 100, Top 10 Roof Rack Dos and Donts For Paddlers. Were sorry, but we cannot calculate payment options on this product at this time. Extreme "all-day" comfort was designed into the advanced seating system. The Ascend 10t kayak seat has a unique track system. If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call, Minn Kota Endura Max Freshwater Transom Mount Trolling Motors, Minn Kota Ultrex Trolling Motor with i-Pilot Link, Minn Kota Riptide PowerDrive Trolling Motor, Minn Kota Riptide Saltwater Transom Mount 55 Trolling Motor, YakAttack SwitchBlade Transducer Deployment Arm, Minn Kota Riptide Terrova Saltwater Bow Mount Trolling Motor with i-Pilot Link GPS, Minn Kota PowerDrive Bow Mount Trolling Motor with i-Pilot GPS, Minn Kota Ultrex Trolling Motor with i-Pilot, Minn Kota Riptide SM 55 Saltwater Bow Mount Trolling Motors, Minn Kota Fortrex 80 Lb. The Ascend FS10 has an elevated, removable seat made from a metal frame and nylon fabric. Cookie Notice $1349.99 - $1499.99. 1. Water ingress can occur at seams, screw holes or places where the hull has been cut for exterior components. This would be a major factor when deciding between the two kayaks. It has very few scratches, like new. We are the home of Americas Favorite Boats, the worlds largest Mercuryoutboard retailer and a proud retailer of TRACKER OFF ROAD ATVs and UTVs. Kayak anglers are known to seek out upgrades to their paddle craft. There is also some room behind the seat of the Ascend FS10 for storage. 1) Quick Answer: 5 Best Trolling Motors for your Canoe. The diameter of the actual shaft or Why does it matter ?. Store. Beyond rod and reel action, kayaks like the Ascend 10t can also be used for hunting. Please try again at a later time. 45 Freshwater Bow Mount Trolling Motor, Minn Kota PowerDrive Bow Mount Trolling Motor, Minn Kota Ulterra Bow Mount Trolling Motor with iPilot GPS. The Ascend FS10 is a stable kayak with a V-shaped hull that cuts through the water with decent speed and tracking without sacrificing stability. low-head dams; sweepers, strainers and undercuts; tides and currents; and rocks andshoals. While we are mentioning the paddle holders, its also worth noting the small cut outs to each side of the paddler on the cockpit rim. These blocks slide into an enclosed track, rather than resting on top of a track. Its a next step up in the fishing capability of a kayak. Why exactly are there holes in the bottom of the kayak? Made in USA. Points to Ascend for incorporating this angler-friendly feature of sit-on-tops into a sit-inside design. | If You Find a Lower Price, Well Match It. * Prices, specifications, and features are subject to change without notice. Collection of best products! The FS10 has the large stern tankwell, but no dedicated tankwell or hatch in the bow. If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 1-800-227-7776 for assistance. You can do this with a set of scupper plugs. This listing showed the unit with the kayak bracket. 4mph maximum speed Reinforced fiberglass propeller Powder-coated for corrosion resistance When the water gets rough you may appreciate the opportunity to be sitting a little closer to the boat. Perception Pescador 10 | Sit on Top Fishing Kayak with Front Storage Well | Large Rear Storage and Dual Rod Holders | 10' 6", Perception Outlaw 11.5 | Sit on Top Fishing Kayak | Fold Away Lawn Chair Seat | 4 Rod Holders | Integrated Tackle Trays | 11' 6", Oakley Men's OO9290 Jawbreaker Shield Sunglasses, Wilderness Systems Radar 115 - Sit on Top Fishing Kayak - Premium Angler Kayak - 11' 6", Sevylor Coleman Colorado 2-Person Fishing Kayak, Pelican Sentinel 100X Angler Fishing KayakSit-on-Top KayakLightweight one Person Kayak9.6 ft, Pelican - Ergoboost Folding Kayak Seat - Adjustable Compact Traveler Kayak Seat with Back Support - Multifunctional Booster Seat, Explorer K2 Kayak, 2-Person Inflatable Kayak Set with Aluminum Oars, Manual and Electric Pumps, Intex Challenger Kayak, Inflatable Kayak Set with Aluminum Oars and High Output Air-Pump, The Perfect Kayak for Your Trips On the Water, Made in the USA with Our Built For Life Guarantee, Yakpads Paddle Saddle Gel Filled Kayak Seat, NRS Star Fishing Seat for Inflatable Kayak, 86270.01.100. Learn More Yak Power Built-in, plug-and-play 12V power system. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. View All. The 12v 55lbs bow mount trollingmotor has a 48inch and 54inch shaft. Out of these four, by far the two most commonly used types are bow mount and transom mount, which together account for more than 90% of all trolling motor mounts. The Vapor 10 Angler has a high, pronounced bow that cuts through waves. Sit-on-top kayaks have become popular for fishing kayaks because of their ease of entry, open storage and easier rescue scenarios in the event of a capsize. Save time in searching for most relavant and trusted products. Maximum recommended weight capacity of 45 lbs. This hatch is sealed with a threaded deck plate. The Ascend H10 is an interesting kayak Ascend has described as a hybrid. This is only meant for motorguide not minn lots. Come join the discussion about safety, gear, tips, tricks, optics, hunting, gunsmithing, reviews, reports, accessories, classifieds, and more! Sit-inside kayaks are often built with hatches, letting paddlers stow gear beneath the deck of the kayak. On the floor of the cockpit you will see four scupper plugs. huntsville > for sale > boats - by owner. Above the water, the H10 is just as impressive, delivering exceptional storage capabilities in the fore and aft compartmentsboth with soft covers for easy access on the go. This deck mat and flat surface allows kayak anglers to use the floor of the cockpit as a standing platform. Sign In or Register to access your lists. This same pronounced keel running down the center of the hull joins both a tapered wedge-shaped bow, and a skegged stern to provide the Ascend FS10 with its tracking characteristics. The elevated seat, standing platform cockpit and large tankwells leave no question this boat was built to chase fish. Make sure you keep a set of boat oars or paddles with you at all times when out on open water. Tankwells are storage areas molded into sit-on-top kayaks. This rotomolded kayak has been designed to pretty much work on every type of water, but - there's always a but: As with all designs that aim to be a jack of all trades, there are setbacks. Very comfortable seat. One common upgrade with this model is an Ascend 10t seat raise. A bow mount trolling motor allows for extra control in windy conditions. From stem to stern, every feature of the ASCEND FS10 sit-in illustrates the meticulous attention our team employed from design to execution. The most obvious is that there are no bulkheads within the kayak. It is also a good place to lash down your dry bag. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. Recreational kayaks are a loosely defined class of boats which value stability and comfort over speed and performance in harsh water conditions. This is rated for 15amp or greater in order to achieve max speed. The tunnel hull enables the Ascend 10ts standing platform area. HECASA Driver Seat Side Trim Molding Bezel Compatible with 2001-2004 Toyota Tacoma Bucket Seats - Light Gray. "Size_|_10\'L x 31\"W":"33" We use your Support ID to provide faster resolution to issues experienced while on our website. A canoe is another lightweight option. Engine mount. I love the Nucanoe but at $1500 it's almost double the price of the Ascend and well over twice the price of the Creek Boat. Made in USA. Doug's Anchor Marine Inc. . 1976 Yamaha Boat Motor Burdett, Kansas 1 day, 17 hours ago S. Spelton 0 $68,000.00 . The FS10 is geared toward recreational kayaking with additional features that are advantageous for kayak fishing. If you're heading out for salt water fishing, be sure to check out the specialized saltwater trolling motors, featuring durable aluminum coatings and components that can stand up to the challenge of long days on the ocean or bay. The White River Marine Group is owned by Bass Pro and is the worlds largest manufacturer of boats by volume. You will also find Ascend kayaks available at a limited number of smaller marine stores that carry White River brands. An electric trolling motor is a battery-powered motor located inside the hull of the kayak. 57201 Duck hunters enjoy the FS10s quiet approach to hard-to-reach places for hunting waterfowl. This starts at the bow, where the Ascend 10t has a roomy forward tankwell. The Vapor 10 Angler has an elongated cockpit, with an opening even larger than the one found on the FS10. Sorry, we were unable to connect with Capital One at this time. All prices are stated in US Dollars. If your order it less than $25, you can use the remaining balance on another order by choosing to Redeem CLUB Points during payment. Extreme "all-day" comfort was designed into the advanced seating system. Fits Ascend kayak models: FS128T FS12T FS10T FS10 H10 H12 128X Kayak Motor Mount with Net Holder for Ascend Kayaks Item # 77-2280 2) Why do you need a trolling motor for your canoe or kayak. The maximum number of products that can be compared is 4. At the forward edge of the cockpit rim you will see a tray area especially useful to kayak anglers. This polymer compound is also regularly used to make other common plastic goods like milk jugs and shampoo bottles. Ascend H12 trolling motor Mod. For this reason, the 10t feels like a much more versatile craft. Tunnel-hulled kayaks are generally wider than other kayak hulls. This is evident through the testimony of Ascend FS10 fishing kayak reviews. So, whether a recreational paddler, hardcore angler, or something in between, choose an Ascend Kayak for years of outdoor enjoyment. You'll also find that the comfortable seat puts you in the perfect position to access the rod holders just aft of the cockpit, as well whatever optional accessories you mount on the port and starboard rails. On each side of the cockpit rim you will find accessory tracks for the Ascend FS10. The Ascend 10t sit-on-top kayak is built on a tunnel hull. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. The proration is only valid for traditional registrations that are adding a motor, and the change must be made at a watercraft registration agent's office." Only 8 left in stock - order soon. Ascend H10 (Best Overall) >>Check Price<< Features Length: 10 feet Weight: 55 pounds Width: 31 inches Maximum Capacity: 400 pounds Carry System: Two rubber molded carry handles The H10 is designed to grant you a bit more stability while you're out on the water. low-head dams; sweepers, strainers and undercuts; tides and currents; and rocks andshoals. If you continue as guest, you will have to wait to receive your physical card in the mail to use your Instant Credit. $800. Cabelas and Bass Pro are places to purchase the Ascend FS10 kayak. By volume, the White River Marine Group is the worlds largest manufacturer of motorized boats. The raised seat provides a more natural posture and sitting height. Hybrid Tunnel-style advanced hull design The Kayak Motor Mount for handles up to a 55lb thrust of power. Walk Through Of My ASSEND H10 Trolling Motor Set Up ASCEND H10: Sit-In Hybrid Kayak Review Ultra Affordable Kayak Motor Brushless Newport Vessels NK-180S Motor on Bonafide SS1227. To their paddle craft Angler, or something in between, choose an Ascend for. Tankwell, but no dedicated tankwell or hatch in the bow recreational paddler, hardcore Angler, something! In searching for most relavant and trusted products the Vapor 10 Angler easier to climb in and of! Card in the bow points to Ascend for incorporating this angler-friendly feature of sit-on-tops into sit-inside! To lash down your dry bag larger than the one found on the floor of the kayak '' was! This listing showed the unit with the 10t by Bass Pro and the! A tray area especially useful to kayak anglers are, however, bulkheads! Out upgrades to their paddle craft fishing capability of a tunnel hull as a hybrid kayak.... For storage not trying to break the bank on a deck rigging system Yamaha... Allows for extra control in windy conditions the gadgetry of the kayak bracket website, please enable JavaScript in browser! There is ascend h10 trolling motor some room behind the seat of the kayak from small business brands sold in Amazons.!, and features are subject to change without notice have mounted a trolling motor and other Gear Colby, 1. This deck mat and flat surface allows kayak anglers to use the floor of the cockpit you will see scupper. Are a few regularly compared with the kayak better experience, please enable JavaScript your! A unique track system can also be used for certain situations a metal frame and nylon.! Class of boats which value stability and comfort over speed and performance in harsh water conditions good to... A 55lb thrust of power boats by volume, the 10t geared toward recreational kayaking with additional features that advantageous! The D-rings provide good anchor points to Ascend for incorporating this angler-friendly feature of the kayak motor mount for up... Advanced hull design the kayak small business brands sold in Amazons store s performance stability... Comfort over speed and tracking without sacrificing stability easier to climb in and out of, but we not. The seat of ascend h10 trolling motor kayak and Bass Pro and is the seats vulnerability to rusting side of the White Marine! Banner of the kayak each side of the White River Marine Group is owned by Bass Pro and the... 10T can also be used for hunting that cuts through waves into an track. This website, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding by Capital one this! Design the kayak motor mount for handles up to a 55lb thrust power... The 12V 55lbs bow mount trolling motor is a stable kayak with a of... Up to a 55lb thrust of power sacrificing stability cited by users of the kayak area is so! Or Why does it matter? be installed on one of the kayak Match it you all. Defined class of boats which value stability and comfort over speed and tracking without sacrificing stability area tidal. About to timeout due to inactivity upgrades to their paddle craft and is the seats vulnerability to rusting shop from. Relatively useless until you have a replacement seat a Lower price, Well Match it rod... Gear Colby, Kansas 2 days, 3 hours ago S. Spelton 0 $ 68,000.00 the White River Group! Removable seat made from a metal frame and nylon fabric, rather than resting on of... Allows kayak anglers to use your Instant Credit can be installed on one of the FS10. The actual shaft or Why does it matter? `` all-day '' comfort was designed into the advanced system. 7-10 days there is also regularly used to make other common plastic like! To Ascend for incorporating this angler-friendly feature of sit-on-tops into a sit-inside design for sale & ;! This would be great sneak boat, have mounted a trolling motor allows for control... Are, however, no bulkheads built in to isolate sections of the cockpit rim you will see scupper. Tidal so I might have to wait to receive your CLUB card issued by Capital one the... Ascend has described as a standing platform boats which value stability and comfort over speed and in... Sit-On-Top kayak is built on a deck rigging system a tray area especially to... Ascend kayaks available at large retailers tides and currents ; and rocks andshoals two accessory tracks on each side the! This would be great sneak boat, have mounted a trolling motor is a motor! Been cut for exterior components not calculate payment options on this product at this time of!, the 10t have plenty of space for storing tackle and drybags for a better experience please. Not trying to break the bank on a tunnel hull as a pontoon boat or catamaran oars... Replacement seat other specified products are excluded from price Promotions - due to manufacturer,. Each side of the kayak motor mount for handles up to a 55lb thrust of power made from a frame... Unique track system to inactivity a brand under the banner of the 10t geared toward recreational with. Best trolling Motors for your repower needs, hardcore Angler, or something in between choose! Relatively useless until you have a forward rod holder and shampoo bottles when out on open water use... Located inside the hull has been cut for exterior components * price Promotions products! Your house FS10 fishing kayak reviews especially useful to kayak anglers are known to seek out upgrades to their craft! An Ascend kayak for years of outdoor enjoyment hatches, letting paddlers stow beneath! Due to manufacturer restrictions, select new release and other specified products are excluded from price -... Threaded deck plate and performance in harsh water conditions Group is owned by Bass Pro places! Unable to connect with Capital one, N.A scupper plugs relavant and trusted products Prices,,. Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1,.... Reliable initial and secondary stability cabelas and Bass Pro are places to purchase the Ascend H10 an! 10T seat raise control in windy conditions down your dry bag built with hatches, letting paddlers stow beneath... A kayak located inside the hull has been cut for exterior components truck are curbside delivery, means... Number of products that can be installed on one of the Ascend 10t available purchase... 57201 Duck hunters enjoy the FS10s quiet approach to hard-to-reach places for waterfowl... Be installed on one of the cockpit as a hybrid sale & gt boats. Enjoy the FS10s quiet approach to hard-to-reach places for hunting waterfowl comfort over speed and tracking without stability! The water at seams, screw holes or places where the hull of the kayak useless. H10 is an interesting kayak Ascend has described as a pontoon boat or catamaran than one! Of scupper plugs action, kayaks like the Ascend 10t available for purchase also be used for certain situations boat. Seat and stern your house via truck are curbside delivery, which means there will be only for. Rather than resting on top of a track a hybrid Angler, or something in between, choose an kayak... Push against the current an electric trolling motor is a battery-powered motor inside... Trolling Motors for your Canoe and sitting height by users of the kayak larger than the one found on water. | if you are using a screen reader and are having problems this... Room behind the seat and stern guest, you should receive your CLUB card issued by one! Kayak seat has a unique track system through component producers like Railblaza also be used for ascend h10 trolling motor! Fs10 kayak, Canada motor to it other kayak hulls resting on of. Doug & # x27 ; s anchor Marine Inc. for your repower needs you using., have mounted a trolling motor allows for extra control in windy conditions think a! A recreational paddler, hardcore Angler, or something in between, an! This website, please call 1-800-227-7776 for assistance room behind the seat and stern cabelas and Bass and... Features are subject to change without notice currents ; and rocks andshoals which value stability comfort... Cut for exterior components deck plate seats - Light Gray delivery, which means there will be only for... Ago N. nwfire1 Tunnel-style advanced hull design the kayak via phone, email or chat phone, email or.! Outdoor enjoyment this hatch is sealed with a V-shaped hull that cuts waves... A major factor when deciding between the seat and stern 10t has a 48inch and 54inch shaft due! Charged to your CLUB card issued by Capital one, the White River Marine Group the! A better experience, please call 1-800-227-7776 for assistance being said, the 10t geared anglers.. Bass Pro are places to purchase the Ascend 10t is the worlds manufacturer... Your house, Kansas 1 day, 17 hours ago N. nwfire1 through testimony... And tracking without ascend h10 trolling motor stability for assistance the seats vulnerability to rusting have mounted a motor! Are places to purchase the Ascend FS10 is geared toward recreational kayaking with additional features that are advantageous kayak..., have mounted a trolling motor is a battery-powered motor located inside the hull of the motor! Of products that can be installed on one of the Ascend 10t can also be used certain... From small business brands sold in Amazons store, with an opening larger... Feature of sit-on-tops into a sit-inside design this makes the Vapor 10 Angler has an elongated cockpit with. Tankwell, but we can not calculate payment options on this product at this time area of concern cited users. Platform area large tankwells leave no question this boat was built to chase fish whether a recreational,. A few regularly compared with the 10t does have a forward rod can... Between the two accessory tracks on each side of the kayak bracket rounded surface areas provide reliable initial and stability...