The NASB/ESB translation of the Bible describes how the Moabite king Mesha sacrifices his son to his god Chemosh. In 2 Kings 3:18-19, Elisha relates Jehovah's prophecy that the armies of Israel will defeat the Moabites: And this is but a light thing in the sight of the Lord: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand. Like the Hebrew god Yahweh, he blessed his people with military victory when they pleased him, and allowed them to be conquered by their enemies when they did not. 2 Kings 3:27 27 Then he (Mesha, king of the Moabites who worshiped Chemosh) took his firstborn son, who was to succeed him as king, and offered him as a sacrifice on the city wall. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/chemosh-lord-of-the-moabites-117630. Chemosh and Ammonites: There is one passage where Chemosh is designated the god of the Ammonites (Jdg 11:24). This parallel is clear. However, the fact that Solomon had "high places" built for both Chemosh and Moloch at the same time and in nearly the same location indicates that these two deities were in some sense distinct from each otheras the national gods of Moab and Ammon, respectivelywhile Yahweh was the national god of Israel. Elyon The term "Elyon", which occurs 53 times in the Old Testament, means "highest". In this regard my educational and literary pursuits are much much greater than any believer. If someone strikes you do you seek retribution per the law OR offer the other cheek as well? It is an attempt to understand man, including our forefathers, in all his aspects. Today we're going to be taking a look at the famous battle of the Hebrew war gods as we read about it in II Kings 3:26 and then contrast and compare it to God as revealed to us only through Jesus Christ. ' " ( , ) ( , ) , The Gemara answers: This can be understood in accordance with the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. The cult of Chemosh was eventually destroyed in Judah by King Josiah ( 2 Kings 23 ). Yahweh vs. Chemosh: Battle of the Hebrew War Gods in II Kings 3:26. firstbiblenetwork.substack.com. This appears to be the case, and every major city is destroyed except Kir Hareseth, or "Fortified City of Dirt." 1. The great wrath may refer to the divine wrath of Chemosh! By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Unless early Hebrew religion taught that there were more than 70 gods, Chemosh was probably one of the 69 brothers of Yahweh. It's predictive power is a bit suspect but it's never really wrong! So, the question of the kings was, "what will God do if we fight Moab." They later developed a tradition of henotheism, in which Yahweh alone was to be worshiped by Israel, but other nations also had their own gods, one of whom was Chemosh. The Moabite Stone is a priceless source of information concerning Chemosh. Identified verse by verse and explained using the most up-to-date scholarly information about the Bible, its texts, and the men who wrote them by Dr. Steven DiMattei. Cookie Notice How frequent and widespread such occurrences were is difficult to judge. This practice, while gruesome, was certainly not unique to the Moabites, as such rites were commonplace in the various Canaanite religious cults, including those of the Baals and Moloch. As for why the depiction of Yahweh would be so rudimentary, Garfinkel said that whereas Egypt and the Mesopotamia were rich kingdoms with court artists, the Kingdom of Judah was poor, small . We might even conclude that reality for them, as for us, is never an objective thing out there, but is always understood subjectively: We impose a narrative, be it theological or otherwise, onto reality or the reality that we perceive, in a humanly attempt to understand it and our place in it. Literature, as well as other arts, are an expression of mans desires, beliefs, perceptions of his realities, modes of understanding his world and circumstances, his spirit, his hopes and failures, etc. He may have been related to or even. Israel lost! This was accomplished through the use of a commonly used literary topos or convention, and in our present case both the Bible and the 9th century BCE Mesha stele (see also the 6th c. Babylonian cylinder seal) bear witness to this literary convention. Ugaritic mythology plainly states that the head of its pantheon, El (who, like the God of the Bible, is also referred to as El Elyon, the "Most High") fathered seventy sons, thereby specifying the number of the "sons of El" (Ugaritic, bn il). Will B. says In the original texts, this divine name was written YHWH. The fury against Israel was great; they withdrew and returned to their own land. He also names Mesha as the son of Chemosh. There are others, such as in Judges: Judges 1:19 The LORD was with the men of Judah. [5] The great divine wrath might have therefore been satanic. 2) The earliest available copy of the Hebrew scriptures reveals that Yahweh had 69 brothers. If anyone's conclusions don't hold water it's yours. The Israelite attack on Jericho and the spoils reapedare a dedication to God: As Joshua tells his people, "Yahweh has given you the city. The find, known as the Moabite Stone or Mesha Stele, was a monument bearing an inscription commemorating the c. 860 B.C. Since Ive already dealt with the Through-Moab (D) or Around-Moab (J) contradiction in #281, I thought Id spend some time writing about how scribes of the ancient world legitimated the conquest and ownership of land as well as explained the loss of their land. Podcast Pre-Nicene PerspectiveYahweh vs. Chemosh: Battle of the Hebrew War Gods in II Kings 3:262023217 This would obviously not be true, as Chemosh is not remotely equal to Yahweh. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, atheist w.r.t the Christian God | agnostic w.r.t others. The 6th century Priestly Tradition (Num 33:41-49). But, he does not say Moab will be destroyed no matter what, he is answering a question founded on a hypothetical, and his answer is founded on the same hypothetical: "if the kings fight Moab.". And this theological grid that dictated that ones cultural deity controlled the events of history and the granting and losing of lands (blessings and curses) was the narrative that ancient Near Eastern cultures projected onto their realities, and which conversely informed their realities! Today we're going to be taking a look at the famous battle of the Hebrew war gods as we read about it in II Kings 3:26 and then contrast and compare it to God as revealed to us only through Jesus Christ. (2 Kings 23:13) Dagon The devil is in the details, it seems. The Elohim of Abraham and the Elohim of Nahhor, they will judge between us, the Elohim of their father, and Jacob swore with the fear of his father Isaac. Yahweh admits that Chemosh is more powerful than Yahweh when Chemosh receives the Moabite king's son as a human sacrifice. So the Bible has lied, do you not believe Yahwey was defeated by Chemosh? The thing about interpreting history and prophecy is you have to understand what was not there. (Psalm 82), "The final editors of the Hebrew canon were fervent monotheists, but a remnant of the polytheistic basis of the pre-Mosaic religion can still be detected. After passing through Edom, did Yahweh speak to Moses about the dispossession of Moab, Edom, and Ammon OR not? https://www.learnreligions.com/chemosh-lord-of-the-moabites-117630 (accessed April 18, 2023). Chemosh was the supreme Moabite deity who was believed to bring victory to his people when they honored him properly, but allowed their enemies to prevail when they fell into sin From this we can deduce a number of probable facts about Chemosh. On the issue of human sacrifice, it seems likely that the story of a Moabite king offering his son as a sacrifice to Chemosh is historical. As for Omri, king of Israel, he humbled Moab many years, for Chemosh was angry at his land. Third, Mesha demonstrated his success in the region by subordinating deities and religious materials foreign to Moab before Chemosh: "I took from thence the vessels of Yahweh and dragged them before Chemosh" (Gibson 1971, No. ", "I made this high place for Chemosh in Qarcho because he has saved me from all kings, and because he has shown me to all my enemies. Any denial that the Bible is the National Literature of the Ancient Kingdom of Judah will result in not understanding what a person is reading. 221:27-30; Jer. Elyon, translated the Most High, is probably a separate god from Yahweh, translated Lord. Additionally, both Judges 11:24 and the Heshbon poem of Num 21:28-30 also acknowledge Chemosh as god of the land of Moab. (The Deuteronomic tradition preserves these borders as well, but the Priestly tradition does not, seeing instead all of the land from the Zered to the Jabbok as Moabite.). It's actually simple, what you are talking about. The god (ha-elohim) who answers by fire--he is God (ha-elohim)." Mesha proceeded to slaughter all of the town's inhabitants after placing it under a "ban." In fact, Yahweh appears to be only one of Elyons 70 sons. This rules out Jehovah's omnipotence. Read your description of the stele, and I see how the Moabite theology of land promised to them by Chemosh mirrors the Israelite's view of land in Canaan being promised to them by Yahweh. Another defence is to claim the verse is vague: "The language is so vague that a clear translation has eluded scholars." Also similar to the Israelite tradition is Chemosh's direct involvement in military decisions, such as his telling Mesha to "go and take Nebo from the Israelites." It was for this crime that Solomon's kingdom was divided in the days of his son Rehoboam, and the northern kingdom given to the care of Jeroboam I, who had been commissioned for this role by the prophet Ahijah. Does it fit or will we once again find a belief system incompatible with Christianity - forcing us to ask the question 'Whose God?' Notes: The Very First Bible: https://www . Citing this older poem allows the Yahwist to counter the claims made in the Mesha stele (below) by claiming that the Israelites under Omri took the land from the Amorites not the Moabites. Where was Kadesh: in the Wilderness of Paran OR the Wilderness of Zin? Yahweh appears for the first time in Genesis 2:4 and a total of 6,828 times in the Bible. He said you will overthrow every major city and fortified town because they were asking what would happen if they went up. Yet both did this in different ways: the Yahwist text side-steps Moabite claims to the land by claiming that the Israelites conquered the land from the Amorites; while the Deuteronomic tradition claims that, again contrary to the Mesha stele, Yahweh decreed this land to the Israelites as part of the promised land. The Yahiwst sees this Transjordanian settlement (i.e., norther Moab or this conquered Amorite territory) as land outside of the promised land, not so for the Deuteronomic tradition. First, he was Moab's national god. In 2 Kings 3:27 Yahweh not only admits the existence of the Moabite god, Chemosh. There is an obvious equivalence being drawn here between the gods Chemosh and Yahweh. and ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones. This is an example of non-omnipotence of Jehovah, failure of prophecy and Biblical contradiction since there later asserted there is only one god Jehovah. But I looked down on him and on his house. Its a theological narrative construct meant to make sense and explain the world they live in. 1. However, the theme of promised land to a people by that peoples deity was a commonplace among the geopolitical and literary landscape of the ancient Near Eastern world. As such, some have hypothesized that the God YHWH originated in Northern Israel, while . The specific characteristics of Chemosh are not clear in many respects. So, defeated by the non-existent god Kemosh I can conceive of a greater being. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Chemosh and Ammonites: There is one passage where Chemosh is designated the god of the Ammonites ( Judges 11:24 ). Disspossess so to inherit his land! (Deut 2:24, 31). Email. The Charge of Genocide A common attack today on Christianity has to do with the character of the God of the Old Testament. https://firstbiblenetwork.com So Israel is made up of humans, and Elijah's prophecy is not a prophecy of predestined destruction of Moab. He is one of many gods, and he is a god that can be beaten. Always start with that context. Elyon, the father, divided up the earth and his son Yahweh received the portion of the earth that came to be known as Israel. He attributes his successes to his god, to whom he has dedicated a lofty shrine (high place) at "Qarcho. Press J to jump to the feed. Thus it was that Mesha, king of the Moabites, decided on that fateful day to make the ultimate plea for his god's intervention. This is socially and culturally problematic, but logically consistent (if weak). So, too, of all the Greek gods, Zeus comes to . [3] Apologetics But if you take the Bible as infallible then you have contradiction anyway. How do we know that the biblical writers were not writing history? Genesis 1:1-2 Not a Creation ex nihilo! (Gen 14:22, 17:1, 21:33; Ex 6:2-3; Ps 82:1 vs Deut 32:8-9; Ps 29:1, 89:6-8), The early Yahwist tradition identifies the borders of Moab as the land between the Wadi Zered and the Arnon river, wherein the city of Ar lied. If he is all-good, why doesn't he avail himself of these means? Elijah and his sidekick Elisha not once condemns non-Israelites for worshipping their gods. This does not reflect the most likely translation "divine anger", which never refers to armies. Chemosh. Chemosh was one of those gods worshiped by Solomon's wives. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Here, as with the rewriting of the Edom tradition, Deuteronomy presents the Israelites passing. You just went from saying how forgiving he is to how petty and egotistical he is. Rav states that the King of Moab sacrificed his son in a clumsy imitation of the Binding of Issac (this is derived from the Shekalim in the Mishnah), and that he did this to honor Heaven. Having said that, we've seen numerous examples of foreign nations defeating Israel that were not equated with that national deity defeating Yahweh. In this case, Chemosh allowed the Israelites to "oppress" Moab for many years, a reference to the events confirmed by the biblical account during the reigns of the northern kings Omri and Ahab, when Moab became a vassal state of Israel. El | Elyon | Eshmun | https://sites.google.com/site/yahwehelohiym/sons-of-god/the-el-of-a-family. Chemosh was the most powerful God worshipped by the Moabites and by some Israelites. Scholars contend that both the 7th century Deuteronomist and the 6th century Priestly writer reworked in different fashion the earlier Yahwist-Elohist tradition. Solomon erected an altar to Chemosh south of the Mount of Olives outside Jerusalem, on the Hill of Corruption. Each of these texts then, the Yahwist too, was written as a means to legitimate possession of northern Moab by making claims to divine right. According to Vawter, none of the available English translations does justice to the original Hebrew of Genesis 31:13, which quite simply reads "I am the god Bethel" ('El Bet'el), who was a member of the Canaanite pantheon along with the rest of the above.4 The original meaning is therefore quite different from the traditional understanding: this god at Bethel is not the universal Lord who appeared at Bethel but just one god among many a local deity of a specific place. This does not seem likely since Jehovah had promised Israel would prevail over the Moabites. Thank you for all your hard work here. And I went in the night and fought against it from the daybreak until midday, and I took it and I killed it all: 7,000 men and (male) aliens, and women and (female) aliens, and servant girlssince for Ashtar Chemosh I banned it. Produced by the First Bible Network: Jephthah is disputing the right of the Ammonites to invade territory which belongs to Israel because Yahweh has given it to them by conquest. This apologetic is completely absent in the Deuteronomic tradition, which acknowledges this land (i.e., northern Moab) as part of the promised land bequeathed to the Israelites by Yahweh. Chemosh is one of the brothers of Yahweh, El is their father and according to his wishes, he had given each son a nation to dominate and lead, each nation had their God. A plural of majesty, the term Elohimthough sometimes used for other deities, such as the Moabite god Chemosh, the Sidonian goddess Astarte, and also for other majestic beings such as angels, kings, judges (the Old Testament shofeim), and the Messiahis usually employed in the Old Testament for the one and . Qetesh | Each nations deitybe it Yahweh, Marduk, Chemsoh, Osiris, etc.was seen from the vantage point of each culture as the source and agent of the vicissitudes of that geopolitical world, and that mostly meant the conquering and losing of lands. God promised Israel victory if they fought, and all this story is saying is that Israel decided to turn their back on victory when total victory was granted. Chemosh was the national deity of the Moabites whose name most likely meant "destroyer," "subduer," or "fish god." While he is most readily associated with the Moabites, according to Judges 11:24 he seems to have been the national deity of the Ammonites as well. Mesha identifies himself as the son of Chemosh-melek (alternatively (Chemosh[t] the king), who had ruled over Moab for 30 years. The ultimate journey is to understand ourselves. "I am Mesha, son Chemosh[it], king of Moab, the Dibonite.". But which deity? 3) In Psalm 82 Yahweh depicts himself as God over all and kills his 69 brother gods. The fallen angel Belphegor was often connected to this deity. This is not only implied in the Mesha stele, but also in a couple of biblical passages as well. Within the text, the inscriber mentions Chemosh twelve times. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Does Yahweh regret and change his mind OR does he not? Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. They both play the same role: leading their people into war to conquer surrounding peoples and territory. The biblical attitude toward Chemosh is the mirror opposite of the vision presented by Mesha, and as such, not completely dissimilar to it. I think the Documentary Hypothesis should be upgraded to aDocumentary Theory! Nice, sure he'll love that. His presence in the Old Testament world was well known, as his cult was imported to Jerusalem by King Solomon (1 Kings 11:7). Over and over, Moab is defeated. And that in itself is fascinating. In Judah and Israel, the worship of Chemosh, Moloch, Baal, Asherah, Astarte, and other godsalongside of Yawhehwas regarded by some of the kings as a way of achieving national unity through a kind of religious pluralism. First, he was Moab's national god. Jeremiah in his oracle of doom upon Moab has recourse to the same old song and calls the people "the people of . Please, How would the Pre-Nicene Christians view the tumultuous events of today? [3], The Geneva Study Bible suggests that the sacrifice moved "Israelites hearts of pity to depart" causing their defeat or repulsed in horror, rather than the influence of Chemosh. Namely, they provide insight into the fact that goddesses were indeed secondary, and in many cases being dissolved or compounded with male deities. What were the borders of the land of Canaan promised to the patriarchs by Yahweh: from the brook of Egypt to the Euphrates, #13. What is the punishment for the Golden Calf incident: the Levites kill 3,000 men OR Yahweh struck them down OR Yahweh will strike them down on the day that he takes account? Why would he respond to a Moabite human sacrifice, break his own prophecy of victory, and force his own armies into retreat? In the above case we saw that far from the text expressing Gods word in some objective fashion, it more accurately re-presents mans perception of his world through a deity that he understands as controlling the very forces that act upon his world, most importantly the wining and losing of lands. Chemosh Beat Yahweh in a Battle Would you believe that sometimes Yahweh actually loses to other deities or armies in the Bible? This page was last edited on 13 July 2014, at 19:04. Do you think it is inconceivable that a follower of Yahweh could acknowledge the existence of another god? Moabites, the People of Chemosh: The national God of the Moabites, as Baal of the Zidonians, or Milcom (Moloch, Malcam) of the Ammonites. Yahweh occurs 165 times in the book of Genesis and 31 times in the first five chapters of Exodus before Exodus 6:3. It also mentions Chemosh, the god of the Moabites, which is also listed 8 times in the Bible: Num 21:29: "Woe to you Moab! endeavors of King Mesha to overthrow the Israelite dominion of Moab. In 2 Kings 3:27 we find that human sacrifice was part of the rites of Chemosh. As noted in the footnotes of the NET bible: [2]. King Mesha of Moab erected the Moabite Stone to his god Chemosh to commemorate Mesha's breaking of Israel's domination, which, he says, had lasted 40 years and was allowed by Chemosh because he was "angry with his land." This revolt of Moab is usually considered to be related to the events recorded in the third chapter of 2 Kings. This apparently causes the defeat of Israel and their allied armies: 2 Kings 3:27, This is an example of failed prophecy in the Bible. http://toby.weebly.com/hebrew-henotheism.html. Copy link. The Amorite territory (i.e., norther Moab) is taken from Sihon as in the Yahwist tradition but for different reasons: in Deuteronomy it is seen as part of the promised or allotted land Yahweh swore to the Israelites: Begin! [1], Some thing that it was the king of Edom's son, not Mesha's own son, that was sacrificed but there is little support for that in the text. Maybe that's why Yahweh decided to sacrifice his firstborn son? Rather the Moabites lost their land because Chemosh was angered at them (the Babylonian cylinder seal makes the same claim about the Babylonians losing their land to the Persians because Marduk was angry that they forsook his laws and commandments). Of course, we cannot overlook the fact of . During the time of Ahab's son Joram, a king of Moab (perhaps Mesha) is described as sacrificing his son in order to gain the upper hand when he was in dire military straits. Cult of Chemosh are not clear in many respects all the Greek,! 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