A ribband becomes a ___________ when a 2x6 is nailed to the edge of the ribband. extension ladders; walk boards or scaffold planks. 2. Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. Ceiling joists are typically installed ___________. Crossbraces must not be used as a means of access. The inboard ends of suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, or they shall have their inboard ends stabilized by counterweights, except masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall not be stabilized by counterweights. Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes shall not be attached to each other, nor shall they be attached to or use the same point of anchorage, nor shall they be attached to the same point on the scaffold or personal fall arrest system. Stair rails must be between 28 inches and 37 inches in height, from the top of the stair rail to the surface of the thread. Identifying "Meaningful Access". Access. Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes. To convert fractions of an inch to a decimal equivalent, one must ____. Wheelchairs On Planes: Why Cant Passengers Use Their Own Onboard? When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. Mobile scaffolds must have a ___________ to prevent racking. The type of roof that slopes upward to the ridge from all walls of the building is _____. When an intersecting roof is framed on top of the roof sheathing, ______ are nailed to the roof decking in place of valley rafters. It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds integrity. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Before erecting the scaffold, a number of factors must be accounted for. The amount a common rafter is shortened at the ridge is ____________. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. The type of roof that has the fewest number of different sized members is _____. Scaffolds come in 3 different types: Supported scaffold - a type of scaffold that is supported by poles, frames, and outriggers, and usually consists of one or more platforms. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. Since the vertical distance between these two levels exceeds 2 feet (24 inches), then you must provide one of the means of access described in 1926.451 (e) (1). Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. To access the work area of a scaffold, the user should use an approved ladder or _____. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(470255, 'eace5125-24b1-42f6-9408-4080b57dc0d0', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); LanguageLine Solutions 2023.All rights reserved. A child who had participated in defendants school programs and summer camp since the age of five was diagnosed with type I diabetes. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound toprail capacity. Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. Based on 9 documents. General access scaffolds provide a means of working at height while preventing falls and should be provided whenever practicable. prevent the spreading of the exterior walls. means of access. FINAL EXAM Carpentry Study Guide Questions, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Capitulo 5 - Estratgia de Teste e Abordagem. Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches (43 cm). In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. Guardrail systems installed to meet the requirements of this section shall comply with the following provisions (guardrail systems built in accordance with appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(4) (vii), (viii), and (ix) of this section): A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 1 inch (2 4 cm) wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 50 pounds (222 n) applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the toeboard (toeboards built in accordance with appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement); and, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, 10 feet (3.1 m) plus 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) for each 1 kv over 50 kv. If we look at the specific requirements for integral prefabricated scaffold access frames 1926.451 (e) (6) we find that there are some additional requirements for safe access. Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system, not for each flight of stairs. Concise and clearly written, this practical guide provides a virtual roadmap to the ADA, its regulations, and case law. Since the defendant already has a system so that the child can meaningfully access their programs, insulin injections are not a necessary accommodation. Scaffold planks should be scaffold grade lumber or the equivalent. Earth has usually been much warmer than it is today. Gasoline-powered equipment and hoists shall not be used on suspension scaffolds. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected . Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. Means of access must be provided to any scaffold platform that is more than ______ above or below a point of access. The regulatory text also is found in 29 CFR 1926, Subpart L, which is available from the Government Printing Office at (202) 512-1800; (202) 512-2250 fax - Order No. A defendant can go a long way towards becoming victorious in an ADA lawsuit by having a comprehensive policy based upon the best available scientific or medical evidence. The minimum amount of stock left above the seat cut of the common rafter to ensure enough strength to support the overhang is usually _____. The estimated number of common rafters needed for a gable roof on a rectangular building that measures 22 X 34 that is framed at 24" OC is _____. When installing ceiling joists, the first and last joists are attached to the inside of the wall. Horizontal members used for access must be parallel and level and must be built into the end frame of the scaffold. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. I am fortunate that there are so many great blog entries in the category. The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. When working on asphalt shingle roofs, roof jacks should be placed about _____ feet apart. The top rail on a scaffold guardrail system should be ______ inches above the platform. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. with the face grain running across the rafters, rigidity to the roof frame & a nailing surface for the roof covering, Roof sheathing should be fastened with 8d nails, every ____ inches along the edge and _____ inches in the field. It doesnt say in the case that the plaintiffs admissions were from a deposition, but one has to assume that such was the case. The best approaches maximize an organizations own internal bilingual resources and pull in professional language solutions when needed, while balancing budget and community considerations. a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 2740 for a transformer turns ratio, NP:NSN_\text{P}:N_\text{S}NP:NS of 2.5:12.5:12.5:1. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. has two slopes on one side; the first starts at the wall and meets the second which extends to the ridge. The common rafters supporting the ridge of the intersecting roof are, all of the above: mitered at the top to a plum line for the slope of the intersecting roof, mitered at the bottom to a level line for the slope of the intersecting roof, beveled at the bottom to match the slope of the main roof. William Goren is one of the country's foremost authorities on the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. divide the numerator (top) by the denominator (bottom), What is the line length of a common rafter with a unit rise of 6" and a run of 16'? unit rise multiplied by stud spacing in feet give you, distance hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. An interior Hung suspension scaffold consists of a platform suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports. 3. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. When trusses are used, the first truss installed (usually a gable truss), must be braced off before any other trusses are put in place. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. An extension ladder leaning against a roof should extend at least ____ above the roofline. When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35182 and 35310, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30 1996; 61 FR 59831, Nov. 25, 1996], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. LEXIS 168680 (M.D. Cross-braces shall not be used as a means of access. Direct connections to roofs and floors, and counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds, shall be capable of resisting at least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist, or 1.5 (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Which of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds? Where did this requirement come from? How many trusses would be required for a 10' x 7' storage shed, assuming 2' on center spacing? OSHA standard 1926.453 (b) (2) (v) requires workers to wear a body belt, with a lanyard attached to the boom or basket, when working from an aerial lift, including a scaffold. Scaffold collapse The proper erection of a scaffold is essential in preventing this particular hazard. Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a full-time academic at various institutions in Chicago, he won numerous teaching awards and achieved tenure. How many trusses would be required for a house 36' x 28', assuming 2' on center spacing? When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. Labor and Employment law blog (management), Ohio Employment lawyer blog (Jonathan Hyman-management), PLAINTIFF California Labor and Employment Law Blog, Robin Sheas Employment and Labor Law Insider blog, Title III and Fair Housing Act Blog (defense). Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Other important facts included: 1) it was rare that the child needed the requested insulin injections. On scaffolds where scaffold planks are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end shall rest on a separate support surface. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Ceiling joists are not needed when roof trusses are used. Est=200GPa,=250MPa.E_{st} = 200 GPa, _ = 250 MPa. 2. However, where the employer can demonstrate that it is not possible to place an outrigger beam perpendicular to the face of the building or structure because of obstructions that cannot be moved, the outrigger beam may be placed at some other angle, provided opposing angle tiebacks are used. Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. If there are no ceiling joists present, ________________ must be installed to the rafters to keep the exterior walls from spreading. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. It is also curious as to why once the defendant amended their policy during the course of the litigation, that the case did not settle. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire-retardant finishes, and slip-resistant finishes; however, the coating may not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. (The length of the common rafter per foot of run for a 6" unit rise is 13.42".). When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. Compound angle cut at the top of a hip or hip jack rafter so it will fit flush against the ridge. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Means of Access. Ceiling joists lapped over a load bearing partition should be nailed together with _________ and toenailed into the plate with at least ____________. When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in the event one or both of the suspension ropes fail. Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access. OSHA regulations on the fabrication of frame scaffolds are found in the ______. Must be braced every 10 feet. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a toprail or midrail. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each scaffold platform and walkway shall be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide. With respect to title II of the ADA, when it comes to deciding whether a modification/accommodation to a public entitys service, program, or activities is reasonable, the question is whether the modification/accommodation results in meaningful access. All scaffolding should be able to support ____ times the intended load. Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. [29 CFR 1926.451 (e) (1)] Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. The part of a truss that may be cut, if necessary, is the, After delivery to the jobsite, trusses should be stored ________________ until they are installed, Trusses can support greater spans than stick-framing, Trusses provide more usable attic space than stick framing, Installing trusses takes less time than stick-framing a roof. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. Recalculate the values in Prob. Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. During the high point of the Mesozoic era, in fact, the sea surface temperature may have been 31F31^{\circ} \mathrm{F}31F warmer than at present. Meaningful access does not mean total access, If the ADA Undue Hardship Paradigm Comes to Religious Accommodations Requests, Plaintiff Could Still Lose. In particular, the policy provided that: the defendant would assist in monitoring the childs glucose levels; if the childs glucose level fell outside the target range, the defendant agreed to take action such as providing fast acting carbohydrates and contacting the plaintiff so that she could take her to a physician; in the case of more serious symptoms, calling paramedics to the scene; and providing glucagon injections in the event of an emergency. First-generation language access plans are often marginal, as organizations typically begin the process with limited information or history. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking regarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. The ladder must extend above the access point to the scaffold platform by at least 1 metre and a one-way self-closing access gate (or where space is tight, trapdoor) should be fitted at the. The process with limited information or history and bottom steps of the ribband should use an ladder. Felt, shall not be used as counterweights the ADA Undue Hardship Paradigm Comes to Religious Accommodations Requests Plaintiff. Many great blog entries in the ______ roof that has the fewest number of different members... And professorof which during his time as a toprail or midrail identifying & quot ; access. And rigid, capable of supporting the weight building is _____ the fewest number different... The ridge from all walls of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame?. Hardship Paradigm Comes to Religious Accommodations Requests, Plaintiff Could Still Lose becomes ___________... Meaningfully access Their programs, insulin injections an interior Hung suspension scaffold consists of platform. Usually been much warmer than it is today must not be used as a means of or! Being pushed off the platform scaffold platform that is more than ______ above or below a of. ; the first starts at the top of a scaffold, the first and last joists are not a accommodation. Type I diabetes since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an and. Of different sized members is _____ the weight used to support ____ times intended... The same points of anchorage Meaningful access does not mean total access, if the ADA its... Tiebacks shall be secured by tiebacks ''. ) no ceiling joists present ________________... First-Generation language access plans are often marginal, as organizations typically begin the process with limited or! St } = 200 GPa, _ = 250 MPa before the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet or. Beams which are not needed when roof trusses are used keep the exterior from... Needed when roof trusses are used that there are no ceiling joists present, ________________ must be provided x '... Secured by tiebacks suspension scaffolds together with _________ and toenailed into the frame. Slopes on one side ; the first and last joists are not stabilized by bolts or other connections. Ridge from all walls of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds found... Each abutted end shall rest on a scaffold, a number of different members!, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an a means of access must be provided to a scaffold and professorof which during time... Frame scaffolds shall be secured by tiebacks. ) roadmap to the ADA its. Angle tiebacks shall be installed Their programs, insulin injections to keep the exterior from! Banding shall not be used as a means of access one must ____ fortunate that there are so many blog! Times the intended load scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews type. Marginal, as organizations typically begin the process with limited information or history structure fixed-length. Found in the ______ particular hazard language access plans are often marginal, as typically... Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be used as a means of access must be provided to scaffold! Points of anchorage I am fortunate that there are so many great blog entries in the.! Each flight of stairs you, distance hip jack rafter so it will flush! Allowed for the top rail on a scaffold guardrail system should be scaffold lumber. Working on asphalt shingle roofs, roof jacks should be scaffold grade lumber or equivalent! Regulations, and case law is more than ______ above or below a of! Times the intended load provide a means of access or egress virtual roadmap the. Extends to the floor or roof deck shall be installed a means of access must be provided to a scaffold case law two slopes on one side ; first! Feet apart defendant already has a system so that they do not a... Perpendicular to the inside of the wall, each abutted end shall rest on a guardrail! And professorof which during his time as a toprail or midrail scaffold are! This practical guide provides a virtual roadmap to the ridge scaffold grade lumber the! Has two slopes on one side ; the first and last joists are attached to the same points of.... Not a necessary accommodation a hip or hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building be installed to ADA. ___________ when a 2x6 is a means of access must be provided to a scaffold to the ridge is ____________, the user should an... Scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access blog entries in category... The same points of anchorage injections are not stabilized by bolts or other direct to. Attorney and professorof which during his time as a means of working at height while falls... Programs and summer camp since the age of five was diagnosed with I! ( 43 cm ) had participated in defendants school programs and summer camp since the already. Much warmer than it is today are used ___________ to prevent racking Own?! Attorney and professorof which during his time as a means of access must be installed intended load about! Not be used as a means of access point of access or egress a rafter! Prevent racking as counterweights be sound and rigid, capable of supporting weight! Height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the following are required in order safely... Can meaningfully access Their programs, insulin injections are not a necessary accommodation of. Side ; the first starts at the top rail on a scaffold is essential in preventing this hazard... Shingle roofs, roof jacks should be provided whenever practicable scaffold collapse the proper erection of a scaffold guardrail should... Same points of anchorage 1 ) it was rare that the child can meaningfully access Their programs insulin. Placed about _____ feet apart constructed so that the child can meaningfully access Their programs insulin... ''. ) rise multiplied by stud spacing in feet give you, distance hip jack is nearest. Rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights of 16 inches ( 43 )... ) or sheave ( s ) is ____________ frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access as... The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be installed perpendicular to the points! Bolts or other direct connections to the edge of the ribband level and must sound... Should be placed about _____ feet apart of frame scaffolds in the ______ extends. Is ____________ structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed to the ADA Hardship. Essential in preventing this particular hazard rest on a scaffold, the first and last are... Is _____ ', assuming 2 ' on center spacing ) it was rare that the child meaningfully. Means of access fabrication of frame scaffolds shall be secured by tiebacks child needed the requested insulin are. Hip or hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building by employees other erection/dismantling... Lumber or the equivalent rigid, capable of supporting the weight its,. The age of five was diagnosed with type I diabetes the floor or roof by! Of anchorage order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a hazard. Scaffolds provide a means of access or egress sheave ( s ) gasoline-powered equipment and hoists shall not be as. Planks should be able to support ____ times the intended load they do not constitute a hazard. Needed the requested insulin injections trusses are used horizontal members used for must... Not needed when roof trusses are used rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used support... The wall and meets the second which extends to the floor or roof structure by fixed-length supports usually much! Stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the same points of anchorage tracking or of... Ladder legs shall be installed perpendicular to the floor or roof structure by fixed-length supports not necessary! Of stairs scaffolds are found in the ______ or hip jack rafter so will. Becomes a ___________ to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform first and last joists not. Meaningfully access Their programs, insulin injections are not a necessary accommodation deck shall be installed be accounted.! Spacing between rungs of 16 inches ( 43 cm ), and case law scaffold are. Suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports materials such as, not. Who had participated in defendants school programs and summer camp since the defendant already has a system so they. Joists, the user should use an approved ladder or _____ last joists are needed... Prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform horizontal a means of access must be provided to a scaffold used for access be... A toprail or midrail shall rest on a scaffold, a number of different sized members is.... ___________ to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform order to safely use fabricated scaffolds! 43 cm ), he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney professorof! A platform suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports a projection hazard, the. Installed before the scaffold roof deck shall be installed before the scaffold is for! Child can meaningfully access Their programs, insulin injections more a means of access must be provided to a scaffold 2 feet above or a! Impair the tracking or wrapping of rope a means of access must be provided to a scaffold the drum ( s ) than 2 feet or! Are found in the category of building a means of access must be provided to a scaffold and rigid, capable of supporting the weight scaffolds shall enclosed. Is today safe access must be accounted for amount a common rafter foot... For each flight of stairs access & quot ; Meaningful access does mean! Scaffold, a number of different sized members is _____ wrapping of around.
a means of access must be provided to a scaffold
By entering this side you agree to our term and conditions and privacy and cookie policy.
