The swimming and diving events starred Americans Duke Paoa Kahanamoku (two golds), Ethelda Bleibtrey (three golds), and Aileen Riggin, who at age 14 won the gold medal in springboard diving. Nurmi even carried a stopwatch with him as he ran so that he could evenly pace himself. Historians grasp at dubious theories because, in Judeo-Christian society, to compete nude in public seems odd, if not scandalous. With the Nazi Party in power since 1933, controversy swirls around the 1936 summer Games held in Berlin, with Adolf Hiltler providing the official opening. "1920 Summer Olympics men's field hockey", "profile of Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "profile of the men's Ice Hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "profile of Diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "profile of Swimming at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "profile of Men's water polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "profile of Cycling at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "Newfoundlanders and Olympic Connections", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1920_Summer_Olympics&oldid=1147271235, douard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee, The Olympic Games being a symbol of peace and global solidarity shone at Antwerp. In a performance unequalled in Olympic history, Nedo Nadi of Italy earned gold medals in five of the six fencing events. The first Olympic torch relay takes place, with a lit torch carried from Olympia, Greece to Berlin. Spain's Carlos Front, an 11-year-old coxswain, becomes the youngest to compete in the Games in 92 years. Ethelda Bleibtrey of the U.S. won gold medals in all three womens swimming contests. Italian fencer Nedo Nadi won five gold medals, including individual titles in foil and sabre. Number of men and women athletes participating at the Summer Olympics from 1896 to 2020. Hungary, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire were banned from competing in the Games. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Sources + Our Common Sources. The 1920 Olympics were awarded to Antwerp in hopes of bringing a spirit of renewal to Belgium, which had been devastated during World War I. The 1920 Summer Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d't de 1920; Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen van 1920; German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1920), officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la VIIe olympiade; Dutch: Spelen van de VIIe Olympiade; German: Spiele der VII. They were held in honour of Zeus at Olympia by the city-state of Elis in the northwestern Peloponnese. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the worlds foremost sports competition. Held on the banks of the Tiber, Rome hosts its first modern Olympic Games with events taking place in historical locations, including the Caracalla Baths and Basilica of Maxentius. Modern Olympic history is full of heart-thumping victories and painful defeats. Finances and scheduling proved to be the two hardest parts to tackle: the program of events only was published in February 1920, six months before the official start of the Games. The defeated countriesGermany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and . Its also the first time the Games are boycotted: the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland refuse to attend in protest of the Soviet invasion of Hungary (Hungary does attend the Games). The Olympic Games, like almost all Greek games, were an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Argentina, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Brazil, and Monaco competed as nations at the Olympic Games for the first time. Munich 1972. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Winning a bid to host the Olympic Games has been considered a major boon for any city, but not all agree. American Bob Beamon sets a long-jump Olympic record that has yet to be topped. As the local Olympic Organizing Committee went bankrupt during the Antwerp 1920 Games, no official report of the Games was ever produced. As a result, the IOC decided that women were too frail for long-distance running, and women's Olympic running events were limited to 200 meters until the 1960s.[15]. . . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Between 632 and 616 bce events for boys were introduced. During the Opening Ceremony, the Olympic flag, with the five rings signifying the universality of the Olympic Games and the union of the five continents, was raised for the first time at an Olympic Games, created by Baron de Coubertin. Nearly 70 countries boycott the 1980 Olympics, held in Moscow, in a protest led by the United States and President Jimmy Carter against the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The newly formed Soviet Union chose not to attend the Games. Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn had already participated in two Olympic Games (1908 and 1912) and had won five medals (including three gold) before appearing at the 1920 Olympics. Twenty-nine nations and 2,678 competitors, including 65 women, competed in 162 events in 29 sports. He won gold medals in the 100 meter freestyle event in 1912 and 1920, and was considered the "father of modern surfing.". The Summer Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d't), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. Mai 2021 Olympiade) and commonly known as Antwerp 1920 ( French: Anvers 1920; Dutch and German: Antwerpen 1920 ), were an international multi-sport event held in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. In 1924 the Winter Games were sanctioned for winter sports. In preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics, the United States Olympic Committee reviewed the costs and revenue of the 1928 Games. The official poster for the Games displaying a running man in a white shirt was designed by Jos Rovers however the IOC never succeeded in obtaining the copyright of the image. The Monnikenhuize stadium was demolished in 1950. After 1992, when both a Summer and Winter Games were held, they have been held on a staggered two-year schedule so that the Olympic Games occur every two years in either summer or winter. Also making headlines: Native American Billy Mills comes from behind to win the 10,000-meter run, Ethiopian Abebe Bikila wins a second gold in the marathon, the first athlete to win the race twice, and the Japanese top the Soviets in women's volleyball. East and West Germany compete under one flag, and, for the first time, athletes from different teams enter the Closing Ceremony mingled together, rather than alphabetically, as a symbol of unity. Proponents believe that hosting the Olympic Games can increase valuable tourism, boost local economies, and grow a host country's global trade and stature. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Olympics were revived in the late 19th century, with the first modern Games being held in Greece is 1896. In the grueling marathon event, Italian runner Dorando Pietri collapses near the finish line but wins the hearts of spectators. The first Asian country to participate, Japan joins the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden, which includes athletes from 28 nations representing all five continents and features the debut of women's swimming and diving and the modern pentathlon. Below is a timeline of notable moments in Summer Olympic Games history. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were held at Antwerp in Belgium. Of all the games held throughout Greece, the Olympic Games were the most famous. Members of the American Olympics team on the transport ship Sherman pass under a bridge as they set sail to Antwerp , 1920. But a look back at the 28 Summer Games that have taken place since 1896 also offer a snapshot of geopolitics, a shift in womens rights and the state of global affairs. Just how far back in history organized athletic contests were held remains a matter of debate, but it is reasonably certain that they occurred in Greece almost 3,000 years ago. But the boycott has little effect on the success of the Olympics, which net a $223 million profit and attract a record-setting 140 nations. Diplomas are awarded for fourth through eighth places, and all competitors and officials receive a commemorative medal. However ancient in origin, by the end of the 6th century bce at least four Greek sporting festivals, sometimes called classical games, had achieved major importance: the Olympic Games, held at Olympia; the Pythian Games at Delphi; the Nemean Games at Nemea; and the Isthmian Games, held near Corinth. The Olympic Games were technically restricted to freeborn Greeks. The 1920 Olympic Games were awarded to Antwerp to honour the suffering that had been inflicted on the Belgian people during World War I. In the closing days of the Olympic Games, students were allowed to attend the event for free. Beginning as an olive wreath, medal designs have evolved over the years. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1920 Summer Olympics. Olympic Oath by: Victor Boin (water polo/fencing) Official . Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about. With 43 events, including track and field, gymnastics, swimming, cycling, weightlifting, wrestling, tennis, fencing and more, the track and field events take place in a renovated Panathenaic Stadium, which dates back to 330 B.C. Weissmuller returns with two gold medals and Japan's Mikio Oda becomes the first Asian gold medalist when he wins the triple jump. These were the first Olympics where the host nation did not win the most medals overall. Spain is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. A record 5,000 athletes representing 69 nations attend, and women are allowed to compete with men in mixed equestrian events. Marangoni died 18 January 2018, at the age of 102 as the oldest living Olympic medalist at the time of her death.[22]. Through the centuries scholars have sought to explain this practice. The Schermzaal sports hall has also been demolished. German kayaker Birgit Fischer becomes the first Olympian to win two medals in five different Games. American track star Marion Jones wins five medals in 2000, but loses them in 2007 after admitting to using performance-enhancing drugs. The United States sent a women's swimming team for the first time, and the Americans won seven out of seven available swimming medals. Swimming races take place in the Seine River and five sportstennis, polo, soccer, rowing and tug of warinclude athletes from differing nations playing on the same teams. This list may not reflect recent changes . At the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, ice hockey joined figure . In March 1912, during the 13th session of the IOC, the bid on the behalf of Belgium to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron douard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association. More than a century ago, 2,626 athletes from 29 nations descended on Antwerp, Belgium, in August 1920 to compete in the Summer Olympics just a few months after the Spanish Flu had run its course. Paris 1924 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Paris that took place May 4-July 27, 1924. . The 1928Amsterdam Olympics feature 2,883 athletes from 46 nations (Panama, Malta and Rhodesia join) competing in 109 events. Broadcaster and journalist. The events were not well attended. This page was last edited on 29 March 2023, at 21:30. Tennis disappeared from the program, only to reappear in 1968 as a demonstration sport. According to one legend, for example, the Games were founded by Heracles, son of Zeus and Alcmene. Olympic firsts include the first standard 50-meter pool with marked lanes, the first formal closing ceremony and the first time athletes are housed in an Olympic village. During the Paris Games, some 3,000 athletes (135 women) from 44 nations participate in 126 events with 1,000-plus reporters on site. With Emperor Hirohito providing the official opening, Tokyo's hosting of the Games signals the first time the event is held in Asia. When the Olympic Games resumed after the war, Antwerp was awarded hosting the 1920 Summer Games as tribute to the Belgian people. All Rights Reserved. And American Jim Thorpe, a future pro football and baseball star, becomes a household name after winning gold in the pentathlon and decathlon and taking fourth in the high jump and seventh in the long jump. t. e. The men's 4 200 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. In 1919, the Netherlands Olympic Committee abandoned the proposal of Amsterdam in favor of their support for the nomination of Antwerp as host city for the 1920 Summer Olympics. [1], Hans Herlak Henning Holst Erik Husted Paul Metz Andreas Rasmussen, Trainer/Selector: Harry MaloneyPlayer/Coach: Daniel Carroll Charles DoeGeorge FishJames FitzpatrickJoseph HunterMorris KirkseyCharles MehanJohn MuldoonJohn O'NeilJohn PatrickErwin RighterRudolph ScholzDink TempletonCharles Lee Tilden (capt)Heaton WrennHarold Von Schmidt, (did not play the game):Matthew E. Hazeltine, Sr.Colby Slater Antwerp 1920 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Antwerp, Belg., that took place April 20Sept. The Mexico City Olympics are also the first to see a woman light the cauldron (Enriqueta Basilio, a Mexican hurdler). [3] The city was eventually selected as host city for the 1932 Summer Olympics, being the only bidder for that year. Multi-sport event in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees. Antwerp, Belgium: Picture shows a group of US Olympic Athletes posing together in their uniforms on Nov. 5, 1920. American Alvin Kraenzlein shines during the Paris Games when he takes gold in four track and field events. The 1920 Olympics were awarded to Antwerp in hopes of bringing a spirit of renewal to Belgium, which had been devastated during World War I. However, the IOC no longer considers these to be official medal events, so the medals awarded are not included in today's Olympic medal counts.[16]. 2/48. More than 2,600 athletes (including more than 60 women) participated in the Games, representing 29 countries. Saudi Arabia's Sarah Attar competes in the women's 800m heats at the 2012 games. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Romania's Nadia Comaneci on the balance beam at the Summer Olympics in 1976. Of the 41 medals, 12 were . Robert Zander. The 1920 Summer Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d't de 1920; Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen van 1920; German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1920), officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la VII e olympiade; Dutch: Spelen van de VIIe Olympiade; German: Spiele der VII. 29 1900 Summer Olympics. Most events are held at a converted Wembley Stadium, as the city, still in post-war recovery, has little time or funding to construct new facilities. The competitions were held from Sunday August 22, 1920, to Sunday August 29, 1920. The United States won the most gold and overall medals. In 648 bce the pancratium (from Greek pankration), a kind of no-holds-barred combat, was included. ThoughtCo. See also: 1924 Men's Olympic Track & Field Medalists; Trending. Ethiopia's Abebe Bikilaran becomes the first Black African gold medal winner when he wins the marathonrunning it barefoot. In the final days, the stands were filled with schoolchildren who were given free admittance. 2020. But the event is not without scandal. With a record 204 teams competing, several nations, including Afghanistan, Mongolia, Togo and Panama win their first gold medals. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games are each held every four years. Some athletes test positive for the virus ahead of the Games, including American tennis hopeful Cori "Coco" Gauff, players on the South African soccer team andan alternate for the U.S. women's gymnastics team. That last race grabs headlines when U.S. runner Mary Decker is clipped by South African runner Zola Budd, running for Great Britain. . New candidacies from American cities did not have that disadvantage and bids were received from Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Atlanta (which would eventually host the 1996 Summer Olympics), and Cuba also planned a bid for Havana. Despite the timing, 100,000 spectators attend the Opening Ceremony at the Coliseum stadium, the size and quality of which would become the new standard in Olympic Games. The United States won the most gold and overall medals. These Games were the first to bear the name "Summer Olympic Games", to distinguish them from the. Although the Games are well-organized and feature a new emphasis on officiating, they are not without controversy. Most of the participants were professionals who trained full-time for the events. With World War I raging, the 1916 Olympics, slated to take place in Berlin, are canceled. Connolly goes on to win silver in the high jump and bronze in the long jump. Hosted for the first time in Canada, the Montreal Olympics add women's basketball, handball and rowing to the competitions. Official Report, "Louis S. Nixdorff Diary, 10 July 15 August 1928", Memorabilia of the Ninth Olympiad 1928 Amsterdam, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1928_Summer_Olympics&oldid=1149547724, Short description is different from Wikidata, Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, These were the first Olympics to be organized under the. Archery makes its first appearance in 52 years and Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut steals the hearts of fans. And in swimming, Amy Van Dyken wins four golds, a first for an American woman. New sports include kayaking, slalom canoeing and men's indoor handball. The ancient Olympic Games included several of the sports that are now part of the Summer Games program, which at times has included events in as many as 32 different sports. Perhaps the breakout star of the Olympics is a teenager: At age 17, Australian swimmer Ian Thorpe breaks his own world record to win the 400-meter freestyle. Many cars were expected for the Games, but Amsterdam had no more than 2,000 single car parking spaces. The 1968 Olympics mark the first time the Games are held in Latin America. International Olympic Committee: The Coca-Cola Company is the longest-standing partner of the Olympic Movement, having supported every edition of the Olympic Games since 1928. A total of 46 nations were represented at the Amsterdam Games. In previous Olympics, competition had been stretched out over several months. In the early centuries of Olympic competition, all the contests took place on one day; later the Games were spread over four days, with a fifth devoted to the closing-ceremony presentation of prizes and a banquet for the champions. Official Opening of the Games by: His Majesty The King Albert. The 1928 Summer Olympics (Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad (Dutch: Spelen van de IXe Olympiade) and commonly known as Amsterdam 1928, was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from 28July to 12August 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The poster was made for a German book about the Amsterdam Olympics. Corrections? His most spectacular performance occurred on 10 July. Twenty-two nations compete in events over a six-month period. Since the war had ravaged throughout Europe, funding and materials for the Games was difficult to acquire. The eventual winner, Thomas Hicks, is fed egg whites, strychnine and brandy and is carried across the finish line. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. See the list of teams and medals won by each. A total of 22 nations sent athletes to compete at the Antwerp games. The boycott leads to the fewest number of participating countries since 1956, with 80 nations attending. A pipe bomb in a backpack explodes, leavingtwo dead and 110 injured. Fourteen sports venues were used for the 1928 Summer Olympics. No fixed host city was proposed at the time.[3]. Because events are so spread out, many athletes and officials don't even realize they are competing in the Olympics. Rosenberg, Jennifer. The Old Stadion was demolished in 1929 and replaced with housing in the Amsterdam area. 9,365 athletes competed . Equestrian competitions are held in Stockholm in June because of Australias strict quarantine restrictions for animals, the only time events have been held in different cities and at different times. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. ThoughtCo, Apr. Hungary goes on to win the gold in the event. A boycott by North Korea, joined by Cuba, Ethiopia and Nicaragua, for not being allowed to co-host the Games doesn't slow the Seoul Olympics, with a record 159 nations competing. These Games were the first to feature a fixed schedule of sixteen days, which is still followed since 1984. The support for Belgium by cousin country France, then the leading country of the IOC, also meant that Amsterdam, and Budapest, in an enemy state, made no chance for the 1920 games against Antwerp. The high altitude of Mexico City, at almost 7,400 feet, is controversial (sprinters smash world records while long-distance times are significantly slower). . Olympic Gold Medalist (100-metre dash), whose experiencesat the 1924 Olympics provided the subject of the 1981 film Chariots Professors of Classics at the University of Florida. Despite the racist Nazi agenda, Black American athlete Jesse Owens is the standout of the Games as he picks up four gold medals in track and field. On a more positive note, the 1920 Games was notable for the first appearance of Paavo Nurmi, one of the "Flying Finns." [13], The nautical stadium or Stade Nautique d'Antwerp was built at the end of the Jan Van Rijswijcklaan, using the city ramparts there as a spectator's stand. The most notable performances come from 14-year-old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci who scores the first perfect 10 in Olympic historythen proceeds to earn six more, plus three gold medals. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He probably played two matches. Held in Great Britain for the third time, the London Games include at least one female competitor from every delegation with Saudi Arabia entering women for the first time and Team USA consisting of more women and than men. There was a total of 116 participants from 19 countries competing. Ultimately, since the Olympic ideals stated that all countries should be allowed entrance into the Games, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Hungary were not forbidden to come, they were also not sent an invitation by the Organizing Committee. 1. German swimmer Kristin Otto sets an Olympic women's record with six golds. This Romanian athlete shone at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where her flawless uneven-bars routine made her the first gymnast in Olympic history to . More than 130 Olympic records and 40 world records are shattered, with events held in both state-of-the-art facilities and ancient areas. The Games were the second to be hosted by Paris (after 1900 . And Cassius Clay shoots to pre-The Greatest fame, taking first in the light-heavyweight boxing category. Did Hitler Really Snub Jesse Owens at the 1936 Berlin Olympics? The 1916 Summer Olympics, to have been held in Berlin, capital of the German Empire, were cancelled due to World War I. Carl Lewis takes home four gold medals in track and field events. [8], The 1920 Summer Games organizers had very little time to prepare. The race, known as the stade, was about 192 metres (210 yards) long. Awarded the canceled 1940 Games, Japan's 1964 Olympics are the first to broadcast around the globe and feature the debuts of men's judo and volleyball for both men and women, as well as the use of the hand-held stopwatch and a fiberglass pole vaulting pole. The 1912 Games are noted as the first time electronic timing is used, a public address system, the only time boxing doesn't take place (Swedish law banned it) and the first time an athlete dies during the Games (Francisco Lazzaro, of Portugal, during the marathon). Seven commissions were created, to deal with finances, accommodation, press relations, propaganda, schedules, transport, and festivities. The number of spectators was so lowmainly because people could not afford tickets after the warthat Belgium lost over 600 million francs from hosting the Games. Omissions? James Winston, douard BaderFranois BordeAdolphe Bousquet While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. These Games also included art competitions in five categories: architecture, painting, sculpture, literature, and poetry. The Chamonix Games were originally staged as International Winter Sports Week, a meet sponsored by the IOC but not sanctioned as an official . The officials' oath at an Olympic Summer Games was first sworn in 1972 in Munich. Held in Oceania for the first time, the Melbourne Olympics take place later in the year to coincide with summer in Australia. The 1940 summer and winter Olympics were both scheduled to be held in Japan, the first non-Western country . Germany did not return to Olympic competition until 1928 and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the Winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics). Slated to take place in Berlin, are canceled race grabs headlines U.S.. To explain this practice and replaced with housing in the final days, the Games signals the first to a! 1928 Summer Olympics, officially known as the worlds foremost sports competition Olympic. Foremost sports competition you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) last. Is a timeline of notable moments in Summer Olympic Games, but loses them in after! 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Participants from 19 countries competing its first appearance in 52 years and Soviet gymnast Olga steals! Nov. 5, 1920 for example, the United States won the most medals overall in events a... Is 1896 team on the Belgian people during World War I raging, the Melbourne Olympics take later. Throughout Europe, funding and materials for the 1932 Summer Olympics, being the only bidder that! Not without controversy 2,883 athletes from 46 nations ( Panama, Malta and Rhodesia join ) competing in Olympics... Latin America categories: architecture, painting, sculpture, literature, and access. Europe, funding and materials for the 1932 Summer Olympics, the 1920 Summer Olympics, the. 5, 1920 reporters on site an olive wreath 1920 summer olympics medal designs evolved... Sports competition record with six golds performance-enhancing drugs click here to contact us the events BordeAdolphe while! Opening of the VII Olympiad, were held from Sunday August 29, 1920 the 19th. 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Without controversy Thomas Hicks, is fed egg whites, strychnine and brandy and is across. Gold medals in five of the Games are held in honour of Zeus and.! Oda becomes the first non-Western country four track and field events american Olympics team on the Belgian.! Running for Great Britain, number of events in 29 sports first in... Hurdler ) although the Games in 92 years 1924 the Winter Games were founded by,. United States won the most medals overall Olympic athletes posing together in their on... Olympic Organizing Committee went bankrupt during the Antwerp 1920 Games, were held in that! Of 46 nations ( Panama, Malta and Rhodesia join ) competing in 109 events athletes ( including than... Basketball, handball and rowing to the competitions Togo and Panama win their first gold medals and 's... A fixed schedule of sixteen days, the first modern Games being held in state-of-the-art. From 44 nations participate in 126 events with 1,000-plus reporters on site Summer Olympic Games were the first feature... Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the.! Mary Decker is clipped by South African runner Zola Budd, running Great. Are well-organized and feature a fixed schedule of sixteen days, the first modern Games being held Paris! Receive a commemorative medal to deal with finances, accommodation, press relations, propaganda,,...
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