npr russia ukraine timeline

hide caption. In late February, violence between police and protesters leaves more than 100 dead in the single bloodiest week in Ukraine's post-Soviet history. FADEL: Something many Ukrainians would argue is not true. On Feb. 21, Putin formally recognizes the independence of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic including territory claimed by separatists but controlled by the Ukrainian armed forces. Putin at first denies they are Russian soldiers but later admits it. Police said the crowd swelled to around 10,000 people. He orders Russia's military to deploy troops there under the guise of a "peacekeeping" mission. It didn't think the West would intervene. Viktor Yushchenko, the pro-Western hero of the Orange Revolution, became the third president of an independent Ukraine. A cargo ship anchored in the Marmara Sea awaits access to the Bosphorus Straits in Istanbul on July 13. Carol Guzy for NPR The Rada, the new Ukrainian parliament formed out of the previous Soviet legislature, votes to declare independence from the Soviet Union. Since breaking from the Soviet Union, Ukraine has wavered between the influences of Moscow and the West, surviving scandal and conflict with its democracy intact. From 2014 through today, more than 14,000 people have been killed, tens of thousands wounded and more than a million displaced. July 12, 2022 Russia is fighting to conquer the entire Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. Diplomatic efforts pick up pace across Europe. Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images Construction crews are cleaning up bombed buildings and people are returning to work. NATO is not going to invade Russia. An employee at a coal mine in eastern Ukraine travels deep into the mine. FADEL: And in Putin's telling, the U.S., the West, are breaking a promise by looking at Ukraine as a possible NATO member, right? Almost immediately, armed men appear at checkpoints and facilities in the Crimean Peninsula. Thanks for being on the program, Mary Elise. SAROTTE: Absolutely. hide caption. July 12, 2022 A Russian missile struck a crowded shopping mall last month, killing 21 people and injuring dozens more. Russia renews its troop presence near the Ukraine-Russia border, alarming U.S. intelligence officials, who travel to Brussels to brief NATO allies on the situation. And gradually, that leads, in cumulative interaction, to a deterioration of the newfound cooperation. FADEL: And what does that look like, going from opportunity to hardening? A public referendum follows, with 97% of voters favoring secession, although the results are disputed. Ahead of a scheduled impeachment vote on Feb. 22, Yanukovych flees, eventually arriving in Russia. Alexei Alexandrov/AP He also has this concern about Ukraine becoming a member of NATO. is seen left in front of the Russian State Duma building in central Moscow on Feb. 24. A member of a Ukrainian military surveillance team gets ready to launch a drone from a wheat field in southern Ukraine. The Soviet Union officially dissolves on Dec. 26. Protesters chanted, "No to surrender!" Boris Yeltsin did not get that in 1997, but he just said that he had anyway, thus creating a whole bunch of confusion. hide caption. hide caption. Police said the crowd swelled to around 10,000 people. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. SAROTTE: Yes. But in 2000, his presidency is rocked by scandal over audio recordings that reveal he ordered the death of a journalist. "This is our task," a Ukrainian drone surveillance unit member says. On Feb. 24, Russian forces launch a devastating assault on Ukrainian territory the largest such military operation in Europe since the end of World War II. NATO is not going to put intermediate-range nuclear forces in Ukraine. Yulia Tymoshenko (left) became prime minister. hide caption. July 21, 2022 Business is clawing back in Ukraine, but it won't be anything like normal for a long time. At least 15 people were killed, and officials are searching for survivors. Take us back to that time.

The announcement sparks huge protests across Ukraine the largest since the Orange Revolution calling for Yanukovych to resign. In December, Ukrainians vote to make their independence official when they approve the declaration by a landslide 92% of votes in favor. There's a 1990 controversy over whether the West promised Moscow NATO would never move eastward, not one inch eastward SAROTTE: Right, exactly. There's this moment of opportunity for the U.S.-Russia relationship. FADEL: And so now we're here - 2022, Russian troops surrounding Ukraine right now. FADEL: So let's go back in time. Protesters begin camping out in Kyiv's Maidan, also known as Independence Square, and occupy government buildings, including Kyiv's city hall and the justice ministry. The new government charges Yanukovych with mass murder of the Maidan protesters and issues a warrant for his arrest. A man holds a Crimean flag in front of the Crimean parliament building in Simferopol, Ukraine, on March 17, 2014. We're not talking about Russia's current war, but about Russia's Crimean War in the 1850s. So somehow NATO and the West and Washington need to make all of that clear to Putin. July 14, 2022 More than 20 people were killed when Russian missiles hit several buildings in Vinnytsia, a central city that has become a major logistical hub for humanitarian aid and military operations. She doesn't plan to make a profit this year at her seasonal caf. Because Eastern and central European countries rely on pipelines through Ukraine to receive gas imports from Russia, the gas crisis quickly spreads beyond Ukraine's borders. I think a lot of Americans remember Russia's annexation of Crimea, and Ukrainians talk about not an invasion in this moment but long-term conflict that many of them have been living with since that annexation. She's a professor of history at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. Under the agreement, Ukraine, the world's third-largest nuclear power at the time, said it would turn all its strategic nuclear arms over to Russia for destruction. hide caption. The head of the coffee shop chain says sales are still far below pre-war levels. SAROTTE: Yes, that and the fact that Ukraine is a large country. The pro-West politician Petro Poroshenko, a former government minister and head of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine, is elected Ukraine's president. Following a failed coup in Moscow, the Ukrainian parliament declares independence a second time on Aug. 24, a date that is still celebrated as Ukraine's official Independence Day. hide caption. It's clear in hindsight that neither Russia nor the West took full advantage of the thaw that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. hide caption. "We're not sure exactly what Mr. Putin is up to, but these movements certainly have our attention," says U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin. Yanukovych is elected president in February. As President Bill Clinton said in the early 1990s, it was the first chance ever since the rise of the nation-state to have the entire continent of Europe live in peace. The presidential election pits Kuchma's incumbent party led by his hand-picked successor, Viktor Yanukovych, and supported by Russian President Vladimir Putin against a popular pro-democracy opposition leader, Viktor Yushchenko. FADEL: Right. FADEL: Let's go to 2014. Copyright 2022 NPR. As NATO allies contemplate adding central and Eastern European members for the first time, Ukraine formally establishes relations with the alliance, though it does not join.

hide caption. It was becoming a democracy. He understood back in the 1990s that Ukraine was, as he put it, the linchpin of peace in Europe. Evgeniy Maloletka/AP Massive protests follow, and the public outcry becomes known as the Orange Revolution. In the responses, officials say they cannot bar Ukraine from joining NATO, but they signal a willingness to negotiate over smaller issues like arms control. hide caption. His early efforts to reach a solution to the violence are slowed by U.S. President Donald Trump, who briefly blocks U.S. military aid to Ukraine and suggests to Zelenskyy that he should instead work with Putin to resolve the crisis. Can you explain why?

I think if we can make clear that reviving those would be both in our interest and Moscow's interest, there may still be hope, and it may be possible to prevent Ukrainians from dying in large numbers. Peter Granitz/NPR Later that month, Russia says it will withdraw the troops, but tens of thousands remain.

That's the 1990 controversy. And Ukraine was particularly important because due to the amount of former Soviet arsenal on its territory, once it became independent, Ukraine was born nuclear. Authorities recall Ukrainian soldiers from other parts of the USSR and vote to shut down the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in northern Ukraine. Together, the annexation of Crimea and the Russian-backed violence in the east have pushed Ukrainian public sentiment toward the West, strengthening interest in joining NATO and the EU. (Cyberattacks from Russia have continued through the present; the latest major attack targeted government websites in January 2022. hide caption. People in Crimea overwhelmingly voted to secede from Ukraine during a referendum vote on March 16, 2014, and the Crimean parliament declared independence and formally asked Russia to annex Crimea. Ukrainian Presidential Press Office/via AP They declare independence from Ukraine as the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, though they remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Nariman El-Mofty/AP hide caption. Maxim Marmur/AFP via Getty Images hide caption. Here's what you need to know, Mariupol theater bombing was a clear war crime, Amnesty International says. All rights reserved. With some 40,000 Russian troops gathered on Ukraine's eastern border, violence breaks out in the eastern Ukrainian region of Donbas violence that continues to this day. In response, Biden declares the move "the beginning of a Russian invasion." Here's what it's like. A placard featuring an image of Russian President Vladimir Putin and reading "We are with him for the sovereignty of Russia! Khalil Hamra/AP Ukraine becomes an independent state. In a treaty called the Budapest Memorandum, Ukraine agrees to trade away its intercontinental ballistic missiles, warheads and other nuclear infrastructure in exchange for guarantees that the three other treaty signatories the U.S., the U.K. and Russia will "respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine.

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npr russia ukraine timeline