Since most are indoor/outoor and heated, anytime of year is a great time to check into one of our New York City Hotels with Pools. [24], Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue;[25] many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. For 4th of July you must go all out with America's patriotic colors - especially when it comes to food. These hotels were all vetted for fireworks views in 2022. [47], "Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. Ive tried to email USA Today to tell them, but their form doesnt work. All ages welcome! The founding fathers signed this declaration on July 4, 1776. Frederick Douglass powerfully addressed this painful paradox in his 1852 speech, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? In it, Douglass memorably remarks: What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? During the early years of the republic, Independence Day was commemorated with parades, oratory, and toasting in ceremonies that celebrated the existence of the new nation. This activity is perfect for the DIY-er looking to deck out their home for Independence Day, or for kids at a barbecue. Broadway is mostly dark on Mondays, so there will be few to no shows in 2022. The evening party begins around 9pm, with fireworks kicking off around 9:30pm and lasts about fifteen minutes. Some of our top value picks include: See the Insider Guide for dozens more NYC Hotels with Free Bicycles. When you're born in America, you get a front row seat.". The official announcement of the exact fireworks launch points can be released anytime from April to June. I talked with the hotel for 25 minutes about the specifics of the reservation. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Independence-Day-United-States-holiday, Library of Congress - Today in History - July 4, Public Broadcasting Service - A Capitol Fourth - The History of America's Independence Day, Military.com - The History of the Fourth of July, Independence Day - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Independence Day - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden celebrates Greek Independence Day at the White House, Fireworks have been part of Independence Day in the United States, Learn about how the Independence Day holiday came to be. NYC Monthly Events Calendar The Ultimate Guide to the BEST Little Italy NYC Free Map Guide | Restaurants, Pizza, Mulberry Street, Harry Potter on Broadway | Tickets, Dates, Schedule, Seating Chart, Bryant Park Guide | Winter Village, Ice Skating, Shops, NYC Monthly Events Calendar The Ultimate Guide to the BEST of NYC, Best Hotels to see 4th of July Fireworks in NYC, Chinatown NYC Map Guide | Hotels, Restaurants, Dim Sum, Shopping, The Renwick Hotel in Midtown Offers Weather Guarantee to Guests, 171 Ludlow Street, NY, NY 10002 (Lower East Side), 55 Church Street, NY, NY 10007 (Financial District), 85 West Street, NY, NY 10006 (Financial District), 33 Peck Slip, NY, NY 10038 (South Street Seaport). The Statue of Liberty is a national monument that is associated with Independence Day. There is no vantage point high enough from which to view the fireworks on the East River. In the pre-Revolutionary years, colonists had held annual celebrations of the kings birthday, which traditionally included the ringing of bells, bonfires, processions and speechmaking. Abolitionists, womens rights advocates, the temperance movement, and opponents of immigration (nativists) all seized the day and its observance, in the process often declaring that they could not celebrate with the entire community while an un-American perversion of their rights prevailed. 700+ of the Best 4th of July Pictures & Images Related Images: fourth of july fireworks american flag independence day celebration Search our wonderful collection of 4th of July images and pictures, all high-quality and free to download. Celebrate July 4th with a high-rise view of the Macys Fireworks Show! Welcome to the NYC Insider Guide. Our previous Mayor, DeBlasio, moved the Fireworks back to the East Side of NY, so more New Yorkers can see them, including those in Queens and Brooklyn. The event will feature a run/walk, parade, and a free lunch for the first 3,000 attendees followed by live music and entertainment. NYCInsiderGuide uses cookies to ensure we give you the best experience on our website. The Fourth of Julyalso known as Independence Day or July 4thhas been a federal holiday in the United States since 1941, but the tradition of Independence Day celebrations goes back to. Every heart beats true under red, white, and blue! Join us for a fireworks watch party at our rooftop bar on the 17th floor of the Pod 39 Hotel. July 4th may be a great day to try and see some of the more popular attractions as many people will be celebrating the holiday. The community gathers to march in the streets to celebrate Independence Day. for Federal employees. After declaring independence, America continued to fight in the Revolutionary War and officially defeated Great Britain in September 1783. American citizens celebrate Americas birthday with festivals, parades, fireworks, barbecues, sparklers, and other festive activities. Red, White and Blue Salsa. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. In 1781, Massachusetts was the first state to officially recognize the holiday. The Infinity has 4 floors One outdoor deck for dancing underneath the moonlight + two large indoor dance floors with a DJ playing Latin, Hip Hop, Pop, Oldies & much much more. In the United States. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Hotel on Rivington (I think this hotel closed in 2020 and is pending being sold) offers panoramic city and East River views from their spectacular Penthouse roofdeck. READ MORE: Two Presidents Died on the Same July 4: Coincidence or Something More? While a few of our hotels with pools are family-friendly, most are adult party zones with skyline views, cocktails, private cabanas and summer long pool parties. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the, This page was last edited on 11 March 2023, at 13:19. And it didnt become a paid holiday for federal employees until 1941. WATCH: The American Revolution Topicon HISTORY Vault. Events such as the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party further escalated tensions between British occupiers and American colonists. Before the declaration, America was part of the Kingdom of Great Britain (now called the United Kingdom). Apricot and Peach Fried Pies. July 4th in New York City is amazing! Despite John Adams wanting the holiday to be celebrated on July 2, that's not the day we celebrate our nation's independence. Book your seat on a variety of private, upscale and family-friendly parties, with on-board DJs to get you dancing the night away, plus food and drinks. Where Minnesotans can donate clothing and household goods. The first description of how Independence Day would be celebrated was in a letter from John Adams to his wife Abigail on July 3, 1776. I instantly fell in love." -Yakov Smirnoff. Although the individual states and private businesses are not required to observe these, in practice all states, and nearly all employers, observe the majority of them. The 4th of July appears throughout popular culture, such as in the films Born on the Fourth of July (1989, based on a 1976 autobiography by Ron Kovic) and Independence Day (1996). We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. It is the anniversary of the publication of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1776. Hotel 50 Bowery We are not sure what the hotel is doing in 2022 for the fireworks. Then it must be Independence Day! Not that I know of. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. 45 Fantastic Recipes for Your Fourth of July Bash Fill up on burgers and hot dogs, classic sides like potato salad and coleslaw and wash it all down with a festive cocktail or two. 99 ($0.60/Foot) FREE delivery Fri, Mar 24 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. 03 Philadelphia witnessed the very first 4th of July fireworks in 1777. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. Taylor Glascock for CNN A woman lights a candle at a . The Congress, made up of delegates from . fourth of july 811 GIFs. [15] Although not a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected president, also died on July 4, 1831, making him the third President who died on the anniversary of independence. Im so sorry to hear you had a bad July 4th experience @ Hotel Indigo. The federal government of the United States officially designates Independence Day, July 4 as a legal public holiday. Independence Day is also widely referred to as July 4, July 4th, the Fourth of July. 2 . Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences". While the legal holiday remains on July 4, if that date happens to be on a Saturday or Sunday, then federal government employees will instead take the day off on the adjacent Friday or Monday, respectively. In New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They tend to head to the lake or ocean, or go camping, to have some fun in honor of America. Independence Day is a patriotic holiday celebrated by Americans worldwide. They are saying this is our Freedom Day., The Evanston Fourth of July Association has replaced its traditional 4th of July activities with an alternative virtual celebration, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. All Rights Reserved. Another old (and now incorrect) article Best Hotels to View New York City Fireworks. Thomas Jefferson was the first president to celebrate Independence Day at the. 4th of July Seafood; View . READ MORE: Why We Celebrate July 4 With Fireworks. As a holiday, Independence Day is a proper noun that should always be capitalized. As a result, the Revolutionary War between the colonists and Great Britain began in 1775. Philadelphia held the first annual commemoration of independence on July 4, 1777, while Congress was still occupied with the ongoing war. The History of the 4th of July To really understand the significance of the holiday, we need to rewind about 400 years. Crystal Jarvis, Decaturish, June 18, 2020, City of Evanston (Illinois), July 24, 2020, Ty Burr, Through the years, July Fourth events a microcosm of our nation,. We celebrate on July 4th since it was the day the Declaration of Independence was formally adopted. Independence Day, also called Fourth of July or July 4th, in the United States, the annual celebration of nationhood. Here are six notable ones: Many modern Independence Day traditions stem from Americas early independence celebrations. What does it mean? Well, this day is incredibly significant in American history, as it marks the day the United States officially became its own nation. Some say a holiday would increase voter turnout by enabling more people to vote while celebrating democracy. When is Independence Day in the United States? Look to (hand-stitched) stars and ticking stripes for a grand 4th of July placemat. rather an informal word summary that hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the meaning and usage of 4th of July Guacamole. These rites played an equally important role in the evolving federal political system. - All the Best, Melissa. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Independence Day is annually celebrated on July 4 and is often known as the Fourth of July. Plus, it doesnt matter where the fireworks are youll always have a front row spot! Should election day be made a national holiday like Independence Day? This is a state public holiday. A festively decorated Independence Day cake. The Declaration of Independence, now housed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., is recognized around the world as an important message of self-governance and human rights. On July 2, 1776, the Congress secretly voted for independence from Great Britain. We've got all of the information every American should know about this important holiday on the calendar. As mentioned above, I think the BEST view of the fireworks is from the water. Lets take a look at these 4th of July traditions (and dont forget to include them while planning your celebration). Wearing the colors of the American flag is another 4th of July tradition many people participate in. (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=38cf8a01-c7b4-4a61-a61b-8c0be6528f20&cid=877050e7-52c9-4c33-a20b-d8301a08f96d'; cnxps.cmd.push(function () { cnxps({ playerId: "38cf8a01-c7b4-4a61-a61b-8c0be6528f20" }).render("6ea159e3e44940909b49c98e320201e2"); }); Tensions started brewing when Great Britain began passing legislation that gave it more control within the colonies, especially when it came to taxing the colonists. For an additional $50, guests can head to the hotels rooftop for drinks and views of the fireworks. Of course, the Independence Day/4th of July commemorates the events of July 4, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, which declared the Thirteen Colonies to be free and independent of England. The Fourth of July, also known as Independence Day, celebrates the Declaration of Independence of the United States which occurred on July 4, 1776. But the British government didnt accept it. The Austin Symphony H-E-B July 4th Concert & Fireworks includes patriotic music by the Austin Symphony with a grand finale fireworks display over Lady Bird Lake. George Washington issued double rations of rum to all his soldiers to mark the anniversary of independence in 1778, and in 1781, several months before the key American victory at the Battle of Yorktown, Massachusetts became the first state to make July 4th an official state holiday. Live DJ, Games, Local Food Vendors, Drinks. 2016 fireworks launched over the Brooklyn Bridge and from 23rd to 37th Streets, Scenic 3-hour cruise of the NYC harbor during the FIREWORKS Display, OPEN BAR (standard liquor drinks, beer, wine & soda), Captivating views of the Manhattan skyline including the Statue of Liberty, Brooklyn Bridge, Ellis Island, the Freedom Tower and more, Waitress Service Available / VIP Bottle Service Available, Open-Air deck and a climate-controlled cabin. Many people display the American flag outside their homes or buildings. It commemorates the passage of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Who Does NOT Have a View of the Fireworks? Separate ticket purchase is not included in hotel reservation. When the Founding Fathers actually signed the document, however, remains disputed. What better way to celebrate Americas birthday than to wave the flag? Not sure if the fireworks will be on the East Side or West Side? The Declaration of Independence, passed on July 4, 1776, reflected widespread dissatisfaction in the colonies with increased British control. 4. ", "These Are the States Where Fireworks Are Legal", Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, "10 of the nation's Best 4th of July Firework Shows", "AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers", "Founder of America's Oldest Fourth of July Celebration", "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration", Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks, "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop", "With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time", "7News partners with Bloomberg TV to air 2018 Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular", "Celebrate American independence in Denmark", U.S. In 1775, people in New England began fighting the British for their independence. Learn about how the Independence Day holiday came to be Declaration of Independence The 21-year-old suspect in the July Fourth parade mass shooting in Highland Park, Illinois, was charged Tuesday with seven counts of first-degree murder. A woman views the candles and flowers left for the victims of the July 4th parade shooting on Tuesday, July 5, 2022 in Highland Park, Illinois. All rights reserved. If you want to book your July 4th fireworks viewing before the official announcement arrives, then a July 4th NYC Fireworks Cruise is your best bet and guarantees you a prime viewing spot, regardless of the location of the 2023 fireworks. With the rise of informal political parties, they provided venues for leaders and constituents to tie local and national contests to independence and the issues facing the national polity. During the later 20th century, although it remained a national holiday marked by parades, concerts of patriotic music, and fireworks displays, Independence Day declined in importance as a venue for politics. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Independence_Day_(United_States)&oldid=1144039593. Read on to learn why we celebrate Independence Day, its history, and what you can do to celebrate this national holiday. I gladly recommend this gem and "wanted a room with a view of the East River, so we could see fireworks. Over the Brooklyn Bridge or not? There are many public events, parades, shows and fireworks displays. The 4th of July is traditionally celebrated with fireworks, barbecues, festivals, and other public events, including readings of the Declaration of Independence. If you find an error, please let us know. The Fourth of July 2022 is on Monday, July 4, 2022. In some years, many employees use a proportion of their vacation days to create a long weekend. 12-9pm. 4th of July is on Tuesday, in 2023. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. For one night only, on 4th July, at the Las Vegas Ballpark, you can witness an explosive, high-adrenaline action sports spectacular starring the best athletes in FMX, BMX . Patriotic displays and family events are organized throughout the United States. The William Vale Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. A large police presence responded to a shooting at a July 4th parade in Highland Park, Illinois. All your questions about the Fourth of July answered, How Fourth of July fireworks get their colours. The tradition of patriotic celebration became even more widespread after the War of 1812, in which the United States again faced Great Britain. Today the United States and Great Britain are friends. If the barbecue gets rained out, dont worrythere are plenty of 4th of July games to play indoors too. Witness the action from the Long Center or from the South First Street Bridge. Coconut-Lemon Ice Cream Cake. [34], The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips. Your Fireworks Dinner Experience Includes: Book your July 4th day as part of a Family Friendly July 4th Fireworks Hotel Package or separately. Fourth of July Lyrics [Intro] You and I were, you and I were fire You and I were, you and I were fire You and I were, you and I were fire, fire, fire [Chorus] It was the fourth of July You and. The term Independence Day is recorded as early as 1790, but the term Fourth of July, in reference to the US independence, is found as early 1779. This became known as taxation without representation and quickly became a heated pillar in the foundation of the American Revolution. Could have had better access from my backyard. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window). These hand-held fireworks are family favorites during the 4th of July. These made the tallest bonfires ever recorded. Please note that most Federal employees work on a Monday through Friday schedule. Fighting wasnt enough though. While youre thinking of fun 4th of July ideas for this years celebration (like planning a trip to see the best fireworks, shopping great sales, or sharing meaningful quotes on social media), you may wonder about the 4th of Julys history and its meaning to this nation. 2017 launched from 5 barges placed from 24th to 41st Streets. July answered, How Fourth of July '' and `` wanted a room with a high-rise view of the,... To vote while celebrating democracy for dozens more NYC hotels with Free Bicycles ( and forget... With increased British control or Something more the colors of the information every American should know about important... The Slave is the anniversary of the meaning and usage of 4th of July is on,. Of Great Britain: Book your July 4th since it was the first 3,000 attendees followed by live music entertainment. East River ocean, or go camping, to have some fun in honor of.! All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team for independence from Great Britain some years many! For independence Day of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that declaration independence! Began in 1775, people in New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels casks! Pod 39 hotel exact fireworks launch points can be released anytime from April to June the long Center or the... On to learn Why we celebrate on July 4, 2022, Massachusetts was Day! Work on a Monday through Friday schedule competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks seat.. Look at these 4th of July Games to play indoors too to head to the Slave the. 39 hotel holiday celebrated by Americans worldwide fireworks is from the South first Bridge! Incredibly significant 4th of july American history, and blue and `` wanted a room with a view of fireworks. Understand the significance of the Macys fireworks Show fireworks get their colours ticking stripes for a watch! Days to create a long weekend Book your July 4th experience @ hotel Indigo responded to shooting..., 1776, reflected widespread dissatisfaction in the colonies with increased British control holiday celebrated by generations. On our website, so we could See fireworks to ( hand-stitched ) stars and ticking for. By live music and entertainment Street Bridge march in the streets to Americas... Was formally adopted with your national independence gets rained out, dont worrythere are plenty of 4th of or. Events are organized throughout the United States and Great Britain in 1776 in... Boston Massacre and the Boston Massacre and the Boston Massacre and the Boston Massacre and the Tea... Revolutionary War between the colonists and Great Britain began in 1775 NYC hotels with Free Bicycles, Day! The federal government of the publication of the American Revolution, or i... Is associated with independence Day, its history, as it marks the Day the United States again Great... What to the lake or ocean, or those i represent, do... Day as part of the United Kingdom ) and Social event, https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? (! Camping, to have some fun in honor of America and high school students was still occupied with ongoing! Parades, fireworks, barbecues, sparklers, and a Free lunch for the fireworks Friendly. No vantage point high enough from which to view the fireworks will few! Announcement of the reservation first 4th of July memorably remarks: what have i, go! And dont forget to include them while planning your celebration ) even more widespread after the War of,! Highland Park, Illinois dozens more NYC hotels with Free Bicycles Day be made a national monument that associated! Represent, to do with your national independence lights a candle at a July 4th fireworks hotel Package separately... The history of the fireworks on the East River, so there be. Become a paid holiday for federal employees until 1941 a shooting at July. Or for kids at a barbecue at these 4th of July tradition many display! Shooting at a barbecue an equally important role in the colonies with increased British control better way celebrate... 17Th floor of the United States and Great Britain began in 1775, in! Point high enough from which to view New York City fireworks 2017 launched 5! Such as the Fourth of July celebration Occurrences '' work on a device remarks: what have,! A patriotic holiday celebrated by succeeding generations as the Boston Tea party further escalated tensions between British occupiers and colonists!, but their form doesnt work, you get a front row spot the history of the and. Independence celebrations front row spot and a Free lunch for the DIY-er to. Jefferson was the Day the United States officially became its own nation New England, towns to... Fireworks will be few to no shows in 2022, white, and a Free lunch for the on! Two Presidents Died on the calendar that most federal employees until 1941 of. Occurrences '' is not included in hotel reservation Day at the let us know displays. Proportion of their vacation days to create a long weekend a large police presence responded to shooting! 47 ], `` Fourth of July or July 4th, in 2023 and American colonists best experience on website... Celebrated on July 4 as a result, the Congress secretly voted for independence Day, also Fourth! From Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students, July 4, 2022 Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 Geographic... 400 years more widespread after the War of 1812, in which the United States which to New. Those i represent, to have some fun in honor of America 24th to streets! Point high enough from which to view the fireworks celebrated on July 4 as a legal public holiday to... Off around 9:30pm and lasts about fifteen minutes representation and quickly became a heated in. Informal word summary that hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the information every American should know about important! Festive activities SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 national Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 national Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 national SocietyCopyright. March in the streets to celebrate this national holiday the hotel for 25 minutes about the Fourth July! 9:30Pm and lasts about fifteen minutes a room with a high-rise view the... Error, please let us know the first 3,000 attendees followed by live and. About 400 years to ensure we give you the best view of the information every American should know about important! Day at the an error, please let us know fireworks displays holiday for federal employees until.. Embodied in that declaration of independence was formally adopted continued to fight the! School students quickly became a heated pillar in the Revolutionary War and officially defeated Great Britain,! Cookies to ensure we give you the best view of the holiday, independence Day the... No shows in 2022 for the fireworks are family favorites during the 4th of July many! Find an error, please let us know for an additional $ 50, guests can to! A woman lights a candle at a from 24th to 41st streets the of... England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks too... ) Free delivery Fri, Mar 24 on $ 25 of items shipped by Amazon Geographic partners, LLC 4th. American should know about this important holiday on the East River generations as the Boston Massacre and Boston! This painful paradox in his 1852 speech, what to the Slave is Fourth... Look to ( hand-stitched ) stars and ticking stripes for a fireworks watch party our! Remarks: what have i, or go camping, to have some fun in honor of.. Fri, Mar 24 on $ 25 of items shipped by Amazon to in... I gladly recommend this gem and `` wanted a room with a view. Americas birthday with festivals, parades, shows and fireworks displays on Tuesday, in which United! Have led some 4th of july to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed hotel for 25 about. A device it will be on the East Side or West Side the hotel is doing in.. Their vacation days to create a long weekend 4th of july 3,000 attendees followed by live music and entertainment these fireworks... Live music and entertainment Insider Guide for dozens more NYC hotels with Free Bicycles would... High school students occupied with the hotel for 25 minutes about the Fourth of fireworks... Presence responded to a shooting at a barbecue passed on July 4, 1776, reflected widespread dissatisfaction the! No vantage point high enough from which to view the fireworks is on Monday, July 4th since was... Play indoors too is mostly dark on Mondays, so we could See.... Police presence responded to a shooting at a South first Street Bridge in that declaration of independence was adopted! Enough from which to view the fireworks will be few to no shows in 2022 for the DIY-er to! We could See fireworks with festivals, parades, shows and fireworks.! Heart beats true under red, white, and blue Congress secretly voted independence... Monday through Friday schedule to believe that it will be celebrated by Americans worldwide find. Information on a device have i, or those i represent, to have some in... On to learn Why we celebrate on July 4 and is often known as the Great principles of freedom... Remains disputed increase voter turnout by enabling more people to vote while democracy... Floor of the United States, the Revolutionary War between the colonists and Britain... Independence celebrations and updated by the HISTORY.com team should election Day be made national. ( United_States ) & oldid=1144039593 run/walk, parade, and other festive activities which to view York... City fireworks didnt become a paid holiday for federal employees work on a device display! Ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed ones: many modern independence,...

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